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Condition analysis:
Hello! Acute myeloid leukemia is acute myeloid leukemia in one, is a malignant clone of hematopoietic stem cell disease. In the bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissue in any type of abnormal primitive or naive cells, hyperplasia, and release to the peripheral Week the blood, causing other cells to produce bone marrow suppression of reproduction and the organs of leukemic cell infiltration. clinical manifestations of anemia, infection, hemorrhage, infiltration of the liver and spleen lymph nodes and other performance. rapid progression of acute leukemia, in need of positive comprehensive treatment and care.
1) to enhance patient care and bed rest should be given nutritional keepsake, but it should be noted that diet, environment, mouth, skin and perianal hygiene, aseptic conditions into the laminar flow when the living room.
2) strengthen anti-infection and symptomatic treatment such as severe anemia can enter blood transfusion, blood transfusions and use of hemostatic agents can be heavy, with disseminated intravascular coagulation during treatment by the disease.
3) chemical treatment commonly used drugs, including adrenocorticotropic hormone, methotrexate sinica, 6 - mercaptopurine, Ara anhydride, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, daunorubicin, three harringtonine, etc.; often combined with chemotherapy methods, and points to maintain remission induction and consolidation of the two-order priority, which not only control the clinical sym


ptoms, and prevent recurrence.
4) immunotherapy for remission in the words of guidance, aimed at consolidating the maintenance of remission. Commonly used BCG, leukemia cell vaccine and allogeneic cells, transfer factor, levamisole and so on.
5) bone marrow transplant bone marrow transplant can be conditional on the acute Feilin better.
Suggestion:
Currently the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, the use of chemotherapy: the main "standard" program for the DA (daunorubicin and cytarabine), in addition to HA solution (alcohol base Cephalotaxaceae Ara glycosides) and so on.
Life care:
I wish you a speedy recovery! Hope my answer help you get your adoption.

Children with acute leukemia and malignant hematopoietic system disease characterized by an early study of blood cell system tissue hyperplasia, infiltration into the skate to school organizations and organs, which led to a series of clinical performance. In China, children with malignant tumors in the highest incidence of leukemia, according to a survey of <10-year-old son's leukemia was 3 / 100 000
Disease OverFeatures
Acute leukemia acute leukemia usually progresses rapidly, which is characterized by the malignant transformation of hematopoietic stem cells formed a primitive cell clones to replace the normal bone marrow. Definition of acute leukemia: acute onset of bone marrow and peripheral blood progenitor cells in the main, if not often in the treatment of patients die within six months. According to the clinical types of leukemia cells are divided into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) two categories, each category there are several types. Common type at home and abroad follows: ANLL divided into 7 types that are not differentiated myeloid leukemia (M1), part of differentiated myeloid leukemia (M2), promyelocytic type (M3) granulocyte - monocyte-type ( M4), monocytic cell type (M5), erythroleukemia (M6) megakaryocyte type (M7); ALL into L1, L2 and L3 type, in recent years and the immunological characteristics of the cells into TB, before B, general type and undifferentiated type. Incidence of leukemia in China of about 3.0 ~ 4.0/10 million. In cancer mortality in men and women, respectively, of leukemia in the ranks 6 and 8, and 35 years of age in the first place. Chronic than acute leukemia. ANLL acute leukemia in adults the most common, Zeyi children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (acute lymphocytic leukemia, ALL) were more common; in our chronic leukemia to chronic myeloid leukemia (chronic myeloid leukemia, CML) more common, while the U.S. and Europe National Zeyi chronic lymphocytic leukemia (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CLL) common. Cause of the cause of leukemia has not been fully elucidated. More recognized factors: ionizing radiation: X-ray diagnosis and treatment, 32P treatment, the population bomb the high incidence of leukemia;
chemical factors Acute Leukemia: benzene, antineoplastic agents such as alkylating agents and etoposide, the treatment of silver can cause diseases such as leukemia Yishuangmalin, especially ANLL; virus: such as a C-type retrovirus - - Human T lymphotropic virus - can cause adult T cell leukemia; Genetic factors: Familial leukemia leukemia accounts for 7 , identical twins with the probability of leukemia 3 times higher than other groups, B cell CLL showed a familial tendency , congenital diseases such as Fanconi anemia, Downs syndrome, Bloom syndrome, higher incidence rates of leukemia; other blood diseases: such as chronic myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders such as essential thrombocythemia disease, myelofibrosis, and polycythemia vera, paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, multiple myeloma, lymphoma and other blood diseases may eventually develop into acute leukemia, especially acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Accumulate in the bone marrow of leukemia cells replace the normal hematopoietic cells to the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, central nervous system, kidney and gonad proliferation. Because these cells are carried by the blood, which can infiltrate any organ or part. Acute lymphoblastic central nervous system leukemia often violated; acute monocytic leukemia often involving the gums; acute myeloid leukemia may be caused in any part of the localized damage (granulocytic sarcoma or green type tumor). leukemic infiltration showed undifferentiated round shaped cells into a sheet, in addition to the central nervous system and bone marrow, in general, its organ damage is minimal. meningeal infiltration lead to increased intracranial pressure; replace the normal hematopoietic bone marrow infiltration is caused by anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. signs and symptoms of acute leukemia symptoms described by the performance of the often nonspecific symptoms (eg fatigue, fever, malaise, weight loss), which reflects the normal hematopoietic failure. do
Neutropenic acute leukemia tube often leads to serious bacterial infection; However leukemia causes of fever often difficult to identify. Anemia is often the first symptom of leukemia, mainly as pale and conscious weakness, sweating. Easy to feel shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, but the need to rule out other causes, such as hemorrhoids, gastrointestinal bleeding, excessive menstrual blood loss caused by such partial eclipse causes such as anemia and nutritional deficiency anemia; more than half of patients with fever for the early performance; mostly repeated irregular fever. Fever often have nasal congestion, runny nose, cough, sputum and other respiratory tract infection symptoms, or frequent urination, urgency and other symptoms of urinary tract infection. In addition, patients with unexplained painless enlargement; to an early manifestation of bleeding were also nearly 40%. With chest pain. Jihuan onset of clinical manifestations vary. Insidious onset and several weeks to several months, gradually progress, or rapid onset. Signs and symptoms of leukemia cells from bone marrow failure or infiltration due. Common pale anemia, fatigue, drowsiness and weakness, was the sexual development, and severity of anemia. More than half of patients with bleeding bleeding, degree of severity varies, parts available throughout the body, manifested as petechiae, ecchymosis, epistaxis, gingival bleeding and menorrhagia, retinal hemorrhage, major bleeding was significantly reduced platelets, platelet dysfunction, reduction of clotting factor, leukemia cell infiltration, bacterial toxins can damage blood vessels and cause bleeding. Acute promyelocytic leukemia is often accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and extensive bleeding occurs the body. Most of the time of diagnosis in patients with fever have different degrees of heat. Leukemia itself can be low-grade fever, night sweats, body temperature recovery after chemotherapy, high fever often suggest secondary infection, mainly related to significantly reduced mature granulocytes. Common infection is gingivitis, stomatitis, angina, upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, enteritis, perianal go far, severe sepsis and other infections. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Enterococcus, Enterobacter and other bacterial infections, as well as fungi, viruses, protozoa and other infectious . Infiltrati, lymph nodes and hepatosplenomegaly acute Feilin more common than acute lymphoblastic, also showed a greater degree of enlargement. Mediastinal lymph nodes in T cell acute lymphoblastic common. 2, bone and joint pain, tenderness often lower sternum. Leukemic cell infiltration in the joints, periosteum, or in the medullary cavity can cause excessive proliferation of bone and related
Acute joint pain, more common in children, acute lymphoblastic acute Feilin more common and significant. Bone marrow necrosis, pain can occur. 3, the skin and mucous membrane lesions and acute myeloid rush orders - monocytic leukemia more common. Specific skin lesions showed diffuse maculopapular rash, skin nodule or mass purple and blue and so on. Fei Lin-related acute benign skin lesions with Sweet syndrome and pyoderma gangrenosum, hormone treatment is effective. Leukemic cell infiltration can occur gingival hyperplasia, swelling. 4, central nervous system leukemia with leukemia in remission rate and prolonged survival, central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) as a more prominent issue. Fei Lin acute lymphoblastic common than acute, acute promyelocytic leukemia are more common. Often asymptomatic, can be expressed as headache, dizziness, irritability, severe vomiting, neck stiffness, papilledema and cranial nerve, spinal cord paralysis. 5, also known as granulocytic sarcoma tumor Green (granulocyticsarcoma) or medulloblastoma (myeloblastoma), found in 2% to 14% of the acute Fei Lin, due to a large number of leukemia cells myeloperoxidase turn green in acid conditions , so called green tumors (chloroma), often involving bone, periosteum, soft tissue, lymph nodes or skin, but the most common orbit and paranasal sinuses. Can be expressed as exophthalmos, double vision or blindness. 6, testicular leukemic cell infiltration in testes in the male children or young people is second only to CNSL extramedullary leukemia relapse causes. Mainly as a painless swelling on one side, more than acute lymphoblastic acute Fei Lin. 7, other leukemia cells can infiltrate the heart, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, but few clinical manifestations. More common in acute lymphoblastic pleural effusion. Common renal involvement may be proteinuria, hematuria. Complications of infections due to leukemia caused by normal white blood cell reduction, particularly neutropenia, while chemotherapy and other factors also contributed to the lack of granulocytes, so that patients prone to serious infection or sepsis. Often caused by bacterial infection are: Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, Corynebacterium and other gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and so on. Fungal infection Candida albicans, Aspergillus, Mucor spores monocytogenes expansion head hair, the long-term fungal infections occur in less neutropenia or persistent fever and a leap of antibiotics is not sensitive to the patients. Some patients received corticosteroid therapy, due to cellular immune function is low, more susceptible to viral infections such as varicella zoster virus, herpes simplex virus. In addition Pneumocystis carinii infection is also common, upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia are common types. Intestinal failure in the treatment of leukemia chemotherapy, radiotherapy and means to influence gastrointestinal function, gastric function caused by fear of failure, the patient's nutritional supplement has become a prominent issue, the current use of the subclavian vein catheter into the superior vena cava for infusion of high nutritional only part of the solution, nutrition, lack of pneumonia, enteritis and other complications. 1 Classification of Diseases, background in France, U.S. and British (FAB) co-component model based on the classification of leukemia in 1988 in Tianjin, sub-type of discussion the following points-based method proposed trial of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) can be divided into seven sub- type; 1, M1 acute myeloid leukemia or undifferentiated, primitive bone marrow granulocytes 90% (non-immature erythroid cells). 2, M2 is partially differentiated acute myeloid leukemia type was divided into two subtypes. Central Plains M2a marrow immature granulocytes of red blood cells account for non-30 -
80% of acute leukemia, monoc 20% of the promyelocytic the following st 10%. M2b abnormal bone marrow cells increased the original early promyelocytic to the abnormal proliferation of immature granulocytes mainly the nucleus nucleolus often there is an obvious imbalance in the nuclear plasma development, these c 30%. 3, M3 or acute promyelocytic leukemia, bone marrow abnormalities in the particles increased the proliferation of promyelocytic cells, accounting for non-juvenile red blood c 30%, the nuclei of different sizes, ranging in size in the cytoplasm particles, was divided into two subtypes; M3a coarse particles, coarse particles addicted to aniline blue, dense or even fusion. M3b to fine particles, addicted to aniline blue-intensive and small particles. 4, M4 is the grain - monocytic leukemia, granulocyte and mononuclear cells by different shapes, which may include the following four subtypes; M4a to the original and the promyelocytic cell proliferation mainly of the original immature cells in single and single-core non- erythroid cells 20%. M4b the original immature monocytogenes-based, original and non-promyelocytic cells in erythroid c 20%. M4c that a granulocyte progenitor cells, and mononuclear cells with morphological characteristics of c 30%. M4Eo addition to the above features, a thick, round eosinophilic granules. Darker colored eosinophils, accounting for 5-30%. 5, M5 acute monocytic leukemia, and can be divided into two subtypes; M5a undifferentiated, primitive bone marrow mononuclear cells in non-line cells of 80%. M5b partially differentiated type, and the primitive and immature bone marrow mononuclear cells in non-erythroid cells 30% of the original mononuclear cells "80%. 6, M6 erythroleukemia, immature erythroid cells in bone ma 50%, and often have abnormal morphology, bone marrow cells in non-erythroid cells in the original grain (or raw + immature mononuclear cells)20 10-50 110 / L persons; 4, white blood cell count before treatment in 50 10-100 10 / L or more; 5, FAB sub-type is L1, L3, M4, M5, M6, M7 persons; 6, lymphoblastic leukemia immunophenotyping are T B cells or certain cell persons; 7, associated with certain chromosomal abnormalities, particularly those who break and translocation, such as t (9; 22), etc.; 8, bone marrow leukemia cells after treatment decreased slowly, to reduce time longer or shorter remission time; 9, obvious hepatosplenomegaly or central nervous system leukemia by. special type of acute leukemia acute leukemia with low proliferative: Peripheral blood showed pancytopenia, and occasionally the original cells, generally without the liver, splenomegaly, bone marrow hyperplasia reduced nuclear cells decreased immunogenicity c 30% of the proliferation of bone marrow biopsy low. adult T lymphoblastic leukemia, a superficial lymph nodes, peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells accounted for 10% or more, is a T cell type. plasma cell leukemia: peripheral blood plasma c 20% or absolute value of 2.0 109 / L; bone marrow proliferation of plasma cells was the original and immature plasma cells increased significantly, with abnormal morphology. mast cell leukemia: clinical with leukemia or the performance of mastocytosis, lymph node, liver, or splenomegaly, peripheral blood mast cells, bone marrow, as evident in the proliferation of mast cells, possession of more than 50% of cells; urine histamine increased. eosinophilic leukemia, eosinophils in blood was significantly increased and sustained, the majority of up to 60%, abnormal naive eosinophils, bone marrow eosinophilia, abnormal shape, left shift, how the stage of immature eosinophils. basophil leukemia, blood basophil in significantly increased, differences are naive basophil, the bone marrow can be a lot of immunogenicity basophil gran 5%, basophils early, middle and late promyelocytic also increased, with a left shift phenomenon. mixed cell leukemia, refers to the myeloid leukemia cell lines and lymphocytes in the series involving a group of common diseases. Expressed by cells of different origin and can be divided into 3. a. Double the performance of leukemia, each cell can express both myeloid cell lines and cell line characteristics. b. Double clonal leukemia, leukemia cell heterogeneity, part of the expression of myeloid cell line characteristics, the other part is the expression of lymphocyte cell lines features. c. double-series type of leukemia, and the cloning of leukemia similar to the double, but the two parts of leukemia cells from the same pluripotent stem cells. central nervous system leukemia, 1) signs and symptoms of central nervous system, 2) cerebrospinal fluid changes in leukemia cells seen in smears, and 3) exclusion of other causes similar central nervous system or cerebrospinal fluid changes.


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