The definition of childhood lead poisoning U.S. CDC (Center for Disease Control) in 1982, "childhood lead poisoning Guide" provides one: blood lead levels greater than or equal to 100ug / L, regardless of whether there is a corresponding clinical symptoms, physical disorders and other blood biochemical changes that can be diagnosed as "childhood lead poisoning" and the children's blood lead level is divided into five levels, to indicate the different load conditions the lead. of the lead poisoning hazard to children of non-threshold, the developed countries and China in recent years, the Government launched a "zero lead project (ie the body lead to 'zero', the optimal level)." Currently, some large cities in China developed the international and children's health care institutions have the diagnostic criteria for lead poisoning in children identified as 50 g / L. Clinical manifestations of lead poisoning on the body of a multi-organ, multi-system, systemic, clinical complexity, and lack of specificity. Common manifestations of the following categories: (a) the nervous system: the most vulnerable to lead in the nervous system damage. Lead can visualize the intelligence and visual motor function, memory,
Books related to childhood lead poisoning impaired reaction time, language and spatial abstraction, feel and behavior of functional changes, fatigue, insomnia, irritability, headache, and hyperactivity symptoms. As late mature blood-brain barrier, central nervous system
is relatively weak, combined with excretory function is not perfect, vulnerable to the damage of lead. Children's short-term intake of one or more lead compounds, the producing cells in brain tissue edema, hemorrhage, demyelination degeneration, hippocampal atrophy. Clinical symptoms of acute poisoning: If sluggish, loss of appetite, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, delirium, convulsions, coma and other symptoms before encephalopathy, severe epileptic seizures or death or leave serious sequelae. When a child is at a low level of lead in the environment, can cause brain cells to reduce synaptic density, dendritic branching reduced the scope of its reduction of synaptic plasticity, motor nerve conduction velocity, EEG changes. Because lead segment heterogeneity in the brain, causing the typical symptoms of chronic poisoning in children love animals, such as ataxia, unresponsive, mental retardation and so on. Mental retardation caused by lead poisoning, blood lead levels rise each 10 g/dl, IQ will decrease 6-7. (B) of the hematopoietic system: Lead can inhibit the synthesis of heme and iron, zinc, calcium antagonist, induced anemia, and aggravated with the increased level of lead poisoning. In particular, who suffers from iron deficiency anemia in children. (C) of the cardiovascular system
: the crowd after a survey found that vascular disease and increased body lead burden. Aorta in lead poisoning patients, coronary and renal artery and degenerative changes in cerebral artery in the death of children due to lead poisoning were found in myocardial degeneration. Further study found that lead poisoning, can lead to excessive intracellular calcium accumulation, so that the tension of vascular smooth muscle and increased tension caused by high blood pressure and arrhythmia. (D) of the digestive system: lead directly on smooth muscle, inhibition of its own motion, and increased tension to cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, indigestion and other gastrointestinal functional disorders. Intact liver cells have a protective effect of lead toxicity, but acute poisoning of hepatic mixed function oxidases and cytochrome P450 levels drop, resulting in impaired liver detoxification, there lesions. (E) the genitourinary system: long-term exposure can cause children and adults with chronic nephritis, the renal compensatory large, so the role of renal toxicity of lead often underestimated the role of lead to reduced renal clearance and thus increase the lead in the kidney and other tissue retention. Affecting the normal physiological functions, such as renal hypertension and produce central nervous system diseases, with time, increase kidney damage, renal tubular excretion and reabsorption dysfunction, urinary amino acids occur, diabetes, gout, advanced stage renal failure. Reproductive toxicity of lead, embryo toxicity and teratogenicity. Reproductive effects of lead on human dose-related, have been recently reported that the blood can affect the stereotype 25-40 g/dl male reproductive function, so that the sperm abnormalities. Even when the low-level exposure can affect the fetal growth process, resulting in malformations, premature birth and low birth weight and other hazards. Lead and calcium metabolism in the body very similar to fetal development during pregnancy in order to meet the needs of calcification and bone, lead by the mother to the fetus increase transit opportunities. Pregnant women can lead smoothly through the placenta, the role of the embryos. If the first 3 months pregnant at the high dose exposure to lead can cause stillbirth, miscarriage, fetal malformation. The first 3 months of fetal development of the nervous system critical period, at which point blood-brain barrier is not yet mature, long-term low-level lead exposure can damage the formation of neural networks in the early and late maturity, this effect often occurs in the central nervous system of three components: namely, the proliferation of brain cells, nerve fiber extension and synapse formation. The pattern of synapse formation in learning ability. (Vi) the immune system: Lead can be combined with antibodies, increasing the lead content in drinking water reduced the circulating antibodies. Lead can act on lymphocytes, the complement titer decreased, so that the body increased susceptibility to endotoxin, lowered immunity, often cause respiratory, intestinal repeated infection. (Vii) the endocrine system: Lead can inhibit vitamin D activating enzyme, adrenal cortex hormones and growth hormone secretion, leading to children's physical development disorder. Each increase in blood lead level of 100 g / L, the height of a small 1-3cm. (H) of bone: in vivo bone lead most of the deposition and, by influencing the synthesis of vitamin D3, inhibit calcium absorption, acting on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, causing bone metabolism disorders, osteoporosis. Epidemiological studies have shown that bone loss occurs in the release of lead from bone into the blood system of the major causes long-lasting toxic effects. These are the lead on major system damage caused by the human body. Lead can also cause various types of nutrients, trace elements caused by loss of enzyme system disorders, sparking related physiological dysfunction. Diagnosis and classification of lead poisoning (International) U.S. CDC (Center for Disease Control) of the "Guide to a childhood lead poisoning," noted that blood lead levels greater than or equal to 100ug / L, regardless of whether there is a corresponding clinical symptoms, physical disease and other Blood biochemical changes can be diagnosed as lead poisoning and blood lead levels of children classified into five grades lead to indicate the different load conditions. Grade : <100ug / L. Relatively safe (but with fetal toxicity, easy to miscarriage, premature delivery, intrauterine growth retardation); level :100-199ug / L. Can affect cognitive ability and nerve conduction velocity, so that children prone to dizziness, irritability, and lax attention, hyperactivity; level :200-449ug / L. Can cause calcium deficiency, zinc deficiency, iron deficiency, growth retardation, low immunity, motor incoordination, vision and hearing impairment, unresponsive, reduced IQ, anorexia, different food, anemia, abdominal pain; stage :450-699ug / L. There may be personality changes, irritability, aggressive behavior, learning difficulties, abdominal cramps, high blood pressure, arrhythmia and movement disorders; grade: 700ug / L. Can lead to multiple organ damage, lead encephalopathy, paralysis, coma or even death. For 60ug / L the following lead poisoning of children, focusing on prevention. ~ must be under the guidance of doctors to state that the drive to do the food drive lead the treatment of lead, lead poisoning in children can make a speedy recovery. ~ should be reed within 48 hours is the lead, as has been confirmed, treatment should be immediately removing lead, at the same time tracing the cause of lead exposure and intervention. Note: The children's blood lead standards in developed countries to less than 60ug / L is relatively safe. The metabolism of lead in children, the process of (a) the absorption of lead 1, the intestinal absorption: intestinal non-occupational lead exposure the main way of lead absorption. Lead by active transport and passive diffusion from the small intestine absorbed into the bloodstream in two ways. Lead and calcium, iron, zinc absorption in the intestine to enjoy the same parts of the transport protein, increased dietary calcium, iron and zinc can reduce the lead content of the absorption in the intestine. 2, the respiratory tract absorption: lead in the air inhaled through the respiratory tract and then absorbed into the bloodstream through the alveolar capillary unit. 3, absorbed through the skin: the amount of lead absorbed through the skin is minimal. (B) the distribution of lead in vivo distribution of lead in three models in the body: blood, soft tissue and bone. In exchange for the blood pool and soft tissue, the exchange pool in the 25-35 days of lead transferred to the storage pool in the bone tissue, storage and exchange of lead in the pool the pool to maintain the dynamic balance of lead. 1, the blood lead: the blood circulation in more than 99% of lead present in red blood cells, only 1% present in plasma, erythrocyte lead also sustains a dynamic equilibrium. 2, Lead in bone: total body bone to accommodate the more than 90% of total lead content of lead. Began in fetal bone lead time savings, later gradually with increasing age, bone lead sustainable savings of about 50 years. When, due to infection, trauma, taking drugs to body fluids acidic acid, the bone is insoluble lead phosphate into soluble phosphate oxygen lead to move to the blood, so that a sudden rise in blood lead concentration of the primary disease caused by poisoning or the symptoms get worse. When calcium or calcium reduce the food, or body row of increased calcium, lead with the calcium into the blood, resulting in increased blood lead. 3, other organizations in the lead: a little in the liver, kidney, spleen, brain, muscle and other organs. Brain tissue is a major target organ lead. Contain more soft tissue is relatively high activity of removable lead. This is when the body's response to childhood lead poisoning as a cause of the strong. 4, lead the in vivo half-life: half-life of lead in blood of about 25-35 days, the soft tissue half-life of lead in 30-40 days, half-life of lead in bone is about 10 years. Therefore, the blood lead level can only reflect about the past 1 month lead time, exposure condition, and only the bone lead levels to reflect the longer the situation of chronic lead exposure. (C) excretion of lead excreted lead through three channels. About 2 / 3 with urine excreted by the kidneys; about 1 / 3 secretion into the intestine through the bile and then excreted with the stool; and another by a small amount of lead in hair and nails fall off the body. By zinc supplementation, selenium and other beneficial elements, can effectively play the role of Lead, which is conducive to the recovery of ADHD. Commonly used zinc, selenium preparation: a new rare treasure, treasure zinc and selenium, selenium Wellcome and so on. (D) characteristics of a childhood lead metabolism, absorption and more: Whether it is through the respiratory tract or digestive tract, children absorb more lead than adults. Digestive tract is the main way children absorb lead. First, the absorption rate of lead in children up to 42% -53%. Second, children have more hand - mouth movements. Third, the food intake per body weight in children than adults are obviously more ways to intake through food is also relatively high lead content. Fourth, children emptying faster than adults, the absorption rate of lead will increase significantly. Fifth, the larger particles inhaled, swallowed more than the digestive tract. The reason why children more than adults from the inhalation of lead, are the following reasons: the accumulation of lead in more than 1m from the ground about the atmosphere, 75-100cm from the ground at exactly the child's breathing zone; Children of oxygen demand large, so the ventilation volume per body weight than adults, large; of lead in children's respiratory tract in the high absorption rate than adults, adult 1.6-2.7 times. 2, the excretion of less: Children lead the discharge rate of 66%, while there are still about 1 / 3 of the lead to stay in the body. Lead adult maximum daily amount of 500 g, and 1-year-old child's daily excretion amount equivalent to only adult 1 / 17. 3, the storage pool of lead mobility: children of lead storage pool of relatively high mobility, it was easier to move the blood and soft tissues, and thus the probability of endogenous lead exposure and the levels are high. Treatment "benefit children grow / force Technip Liquid Lead," is made from natural plant extracts, immune activation factors and nutrients necessary for sperm produced by the oral liquid preparations Division, with good taste, absorption, quick, effective and stable advantages, the Sichuan University, Shandong University and other famous universities and dozens of West China University of Medical Colleges, led by the large number of medical and psychological studies have proven that the "benefits of child growth / power of Technip Liquid Lead," with the promotion of Lead and strengthening the immune system of health care functions, for taking a month can significantly reduce the accumulation of lead in the body, increase body resistance to disease, improve children's attention and learning ability. Experts recommend 4-12-month, 3-4 times / day, each 1 / 4 bottle; 2-3 years old, 1 time / day, 1 bottle / time; 4 to 12 years old, 2 times / day, 1 bottle / time; 12 years of age, 3 times / day, 1 bottle / time. Empty stomach is better. Tests showed that the first 4 weeks of using this service can be continuously reduced the average blood lead 60ug / L or more, significantly improve child inattention, hyperactivity, anorexia, partial eclipse or picky eaters and other bad behavior. For inattention, hyperactivity, poor academic performance of children, such as performance, or blood lead level of 200ug / L or more children: 3 to 9 years old, 2 times / day, 1 bottle / time; 9 years of age, 3 times / day, 1 bottle / time. Adhere to taking this 8 to 12 weeks or more. Behavioral test, you will find: the child's visual attention level of responsiveness and will be significantly enhanced allocation of attention, memory, learning ability and academic performance are migrating will be enhanced. It should be noted that the "benefit children grow up" as psychological counseling and behavioral treatment provided favorable preconditions for strengthening the child self-control, easy to focus, to concentrate on their studies, but to make to improve academic performance, bad behavior is corrected It is a long and patient education, therefore, must also be synchronized to follow up psychological education. Exclusion against lead poisoning, to enhance competitiveness is a long-term study of slow, personal process, each child's treatment and effects vary. Parents must not only persevere, but also to observe the child's behavior changes, to keep the expert advice, regular outpatient re. "Yi Tong growth / strength Technip Lead Liquid" is the only "promote Lead, enhance the immune" complement-bound emission Lead oral solution. Natural plant s, Lead - detoxification - and strength of the Trinity, both in children Lead, zinc supplementation, selenium, iron and other nutrients, enhance immunity, protect the brain, promoting growth and smart development, safer and more children taking reliable. The One to prevent lead absorpti, reasonable zinc, selenium supplement to competitive inhibition of lead absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and transport, and promote lead excretion; 2, the high affinity of plant polysaccharides to form gels can lead to promote the lead from the fecal excretion. Two promote dissociation and excretion of lead 1, a variety of trace elements in living tissue can activate enzymes, to promote the dissociation of lead from the organization; 2, plant extracts rich in active-SH,-OH, can replace the lead from the tissues, promote lead excretion; 3, a large number of bio-COOH and flavonoids formation of soluble complexes with lead compounds excreted through urine. Three detoxification and resistance to damage one, rich in selenium, vitamins and other toxins and biological solutions to help with lead, lead antagonist induced oxidative and free radical damage; 2, the liberation of lead in the closed channels, receptors and enzyme activities etc., returned to normal metabolism and functional activity of four enhance immunity, promote repair 1, rich in selenium, zinc, and vitamins and other plant polysaccharides that can regulate immunity, enhance body resistance to disease; 2, add the required amino acids the body , minerals, trace elements and vitamins, regulating metabolism, promoting growth and development. West China Medical University and Shandong Medical University, the "benefit of child growth / power of Technip" Liquid Lead Lead function for the total evaluation of the experiment: "Children benefit growth / strength Technip" Lead oral liquid on mice body weight without adverse effects of lead exposure can significantly reduce high blood lead levels in mice, liver lead content and lead content in the femur; human subjects taking a daily "child development benefits / force Technip" Lead 10-30 ml oral solution, and even clothes After 30 days, the average blood lead level decreased body 80 mg / l or more, excretion significantly better than other similar products, but also has significantly enhanced the effectiveness of immunity. Prevention of childhood lead poisoning in 13 ways the international prevention and treatment of lead poisoning on children, there is the famous three words: is the fundamental means of environmental interventions, health education is the main method of clinical treatment is essential. Therefore, experts in childhood lead poisoning prevention for young parents to recommend methods of lead 13: * Wash hands frequently and teach their children good habits, special attention must wash hands before eating. * Nails often to young children because fingernails are particularly susceptible to lead dust hiding the site. * Mop mop the floor frequently with a wet, wipe with a wet rag and the desktop window. Food and bottle nipple cover to be increased. * Regular cleaning children's toys and other children may be placed in the mouth of the items. * Located near busy roads or near industrial areas exposed to lead the family, children should always wipe with a damp cloth to touch the parts of the dust. • Do not bring children to the car traffic flow operations of the road near the factory and lead playing. • Direct workers engaged in lead work work work required before taking a bath, change clothes before home. * Coal as the fuel of the family should be more windows open for ventilation. * Children should lead a high deprivation in some foods such as egg, popcorn and so on. • Some local water pipe materials used in the higher lead content, with tap water every morning, should turn on the tap for 3-5 minutes, so the night before the hoarding in the pipeline, lead-contaminated water may have been let go, and not to let go of the water used for cooking food and milk for the children adjusting, poor water quality of the urban area can be installed with the addition of lead feature of the "baby love water" infant-specific filters to the tap water Lead contamination may be removed. * Children should eat regularly, fasting rates of lead absorption in the intestine can be multiplied. • Ensure that children's daily diet contains sufficient amounts of calcium, iron, zinc and so on. * To strengthen the production and sale of school supplies for the management of schools should provide quality manufacturers test certificate and so on. Expert Tips to avoid exposure to lead and lead compounds in order to avoid poisoning, a suspicious symptoms should quickly come to the hospital on the confirmed or highly suspected poisoning, should be the early use of antidotes, rid the body of their savings in the lead, the current urban transport emissions affecting the environment and Lead pollution has aroused attention. Well-known experts in child health in China, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Professor Shen Xiaoming, the country in 2005 before the Children's Lead Poisoning Prevention seminar, clearly told the parents: "preferred method of treatment of childhood lead poisoning is a nutrition intervention and health education." Correct selection of a " promote the Lead "function of formal non-drug health food for removing lead, such as" child benefit growth (force Technip) Liquid Lead ", non-toxic no side effects, eliminate lead poisoning while also strengthening the immune system. Children due to physical characteristics and living habits are more vulnerable to damage, and affect the life, far more than we ever imagined. Lead poisoning on children with multiple organ, multi-system, systemic and life-long irreversible damage, especially damage to the nervous system causes mental retardation of children. The accumulation of lead in young children and can cause ADHD, emotional irritability, aggressive behavior, learning difficulties, constipation, anorexia and so on. In addition, in the blood, lead will greatly "grab" the carrier protein in the blood of iron, calcium, zinc and other elements in particular, can not be properly maintained in the body once again lead to children with mental retardation, decreased immunity, and because of anemia, lack of the height growth of calcium damage. Finally, the lead stored in bones, and to hinder the growth of height and heart and lung function decline, reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity, so that memory decay, affecting academic performance. While the public for the poisoning incidents related to child survival and development rights of the noise increasing, but still continue to occur in many parts of our large-scale events that lead poisoning in children. According to media reports, as of October 14, Jiyuan City, Henan Province, on the three key towns in the key village 3108 10 children under the age of 14 the work that blood lead testing, blood lead level above the need to immediately accept the 25ug/dl drugs drive treatment necessarily lead are 1008, accounting for 32.4%. This is the last month, Minister of Environmental Protection Zhou, "urged the adoption of a new approach to heavy metal pollution, called for 'strong measures' to prevent lead contamination of materials", the occurrence of yet another sensation of the whole society of pollution incidents. China is a developing country, for local economic development and their affluent life, the people's tolerance of environmental pollution are very high, they do not directly affect the health and bas
ic life, we tend to put up. But now the problem of lead exposure has been significantly hurt to have our future generations, large numbers of children affected by environmental lead in injury to the survival and development, forcing us back to the wall. This is not an isolated incident. This year in August, Shaanxi Province, caused 851 villagers to protest against childhood lead poisoning, prompting the government departments responsible for lead emissions should shut down the smelter. Soon after, with a greater lead poisoning in Hunan Province made public, there are more than 1,300 children were found in blood lead level exceeding, Yunnan Province, more than 200 children there have been signs of lead poisoning, followed by student strike took place in Longyan study of lead poisoning scare, . description of these events, our people have begun to wake and had to try to care for their children's health and future. Because of injury related to a family and lead a nation may rise and fall.
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