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Sleep is one of the physiological activities of most children, a good quality of sleep in promoting the growth and development of children is important. In China, more than 1 / 3 of the children there are different degrees of sleep disorders (sleep disorders), a serious impact on children's health, learning and quality of life. Thus, children with sleep disorders increasingly nervous, mental, psychological and behavioral development of the common pediatric and other professional attention.
In 2001 the American Sleep Association (AASM) revised classification of sleep disorders (International Classification of Disorders, ICSD, 2001) will sleep disorders into the following four categories: (1) sleep disorders (dyssomnias, cause daytime sleepiness, difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep sleep disorders); (2) different states of sleep (parasomnias, and awakening, sleep-related sleep disorder transition); (3) and other disease-related sleep disorders (sleep disorders associated with other disorders); (4) proposed sleep disorder (proposed sleep disorders).
Children of different ages with different sleep disorders occur, such as night terrors, sleep lines, nightmares, narcolepsy, nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and other sleep disorders in older children, developmental stages are more common Because sleep disorders and the onset of clinical manifestations of epilepsy in some form of sleep attack is similar to Guchang cli


nicians need to identify. It also should pay attention to sleep disorders and epilepsy may coexist in comorbidity (Comorbidity).
The normal sleep cycle (sleep cycle) is divided into two phases, namely, non-rapid eye movement sleep (non-rapid eye movement sleep, NREM) and rapid eye movement sleep (rapid eye movement sleep, REM). According to the depth of NREM sleep is divided into I ~ period. Polysomnography (Polysomnography, PSG), sleep EEG digital (EEG) and video electroencephalogram (Video-EEG, V-EEG) monitoring and assessment of sleep behaviors such as sleep and quality of medical research and the importance of diagnosis of sleep disorders laboratory methods. Determine the sleep phase to be determined by PSG sleep parameters check based on identification of sleep disorders in epilepsy and sleep onset in the same period, V-EEG is the most important screening method.
The treatment of sleep disorders in children, the parents and children with sleep hygiene education (such as the establishment of good sleep hygiene habits, maintaining regular sleep - wake schedule, good sleep environment and eating habits, etc.), light therapy, cognitive and behavioral therapy is the most important method of treatment, melatonin, antidepressants, sedative hypnotics, stimulants and other drugs are taken seriously.
Here are some of the common needs of children, identification of sleep disorders and epilepsy.
A sleep startle (sleep starts)
Sleep is a sleep startle started when one or both limbs suddenly twitching short hair as a characteristic. Can occur at any age, no gender differences. Startle can be produced or by the stimulation of white hair, the beginning of the performance of lower limbs for sleep suddenly single, short muscle contraction, resulting in lower limbs twitch or startle, sometimes involving the trunk, upper limbs or head, may also have myoclonus shakes. Occurs often accompanied by nightmares, physical or vacated feel a sense of falling, can be accompanied by screaming. If the attack did not startle the children wake up, and afterwards often can not recall. FH sent shock can lead to sleep or cause fear in children with chronic anxiety symptoms.
1.1 The diagnostic criteria for diagnosis should include at least the following items 1,2. (1) difficulty falling asleep or sleep when sending a strong physical activity. (2) sleep, when the lower limbs or upper limbs of origin and short sudden startle. (3) attack on one of the following conditions: or vacated body feel a sense of falling; nightmare; sleep before the dream. (4) at onset confirmed by polysomnography monitoring the performance of at least one of the following: the conversion process from awakening to sleep in a brief high amplitude EMG; wake up from a light sleep; strongly after the onset of tachycardia. (5) symptoms can not be physical or mental illness (such as muscle tension is too high) to explain. (6), startle can cause sleep and other sleep disorders insomnia coexist.
1.2 Differential diagnosis is in sleep onset and myoclonic epilepsy phase identification. Sleep startle and sleep seizures in epileptic myoclonus can be found just go to sleep or sleepiness of sleep startle only appeared in his sleep, EEG background wave normal EMG artifact attack there, then there may be high amplitude slow wave similar to the arousal, the children wake up or continue to sleep, if you wake up the body can be described just such a dream a sense of falling or vacated; epileptic myoclonic seizures short, the whole episode guide and more tips on EEG spike and wave and other obvious epileptic discharge, and with the deepening of sleep onset significantly reduced or disappeared, waking state also has seizures.
1.3 treatment generally benign course without drug treatment. Develop good sleep hygiene habits, psychological counseling parents in a timely manner is necessary.
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