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According to May 26 issue of "Global Times" reported Miyazaki foot and mouth disease occurred in a large-scale incidents of livestock infected with the Government of Japan scratching their heads, before the official conclusion yet, Japan 25, said many media, foot and mouth disease virus may Miyazaki from China or South Korea.
25, Japanese television reported, in Miyazaki Prefecture and confirmed foot and mouth disease virus in China, South Korea found that the virus is the same virus, belongs to a condition known as "O-type virus," the virus. Analysis reported that the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture 2, Miyazaki announced mouth disease virus outbreak in Guangdong, China had, after the Hong Kong also found the same virus.
Japanese news ary site J-cast, said the media has reported that a farm in Miyazaki Prefecture in March this year, has been traveling in China, he will most likely carry the virus in China to Japan, "the of infection." Japanese Agriculture Ministry report said that Chinese-made wheat straw into the possibility of transmission is very high. Related News: Foot and mouth disease virus from Japanese media said that China and South Korea complained that "China will be trouble," Japanese experts believe that foot and mouth disease mice may accelerate the spof flies South Korea was the national tendency to spfoot and mouth disease
This is reported by the number of media outlets, the attracted Japanese Internet users talking about. Many Internet users, "


believe" foot and mouth disease virus from China or Korea to say, some people complain that "China will give Japan's trouble." Also to remind friends, "as soon as possible to determine the and eliminate the virus the virus is more important than speculation." Japanese news
About Foot and mouth disease virus by the foot and mouth disease (Foot-and-mouth disease virus
, FMDV) infection of the cloven-hoofed animals were suffering from acute, febrile, contagious disease, the most vulnerable animals are cattle, buffalo, pigs, camels, sheep, deer, etc.; Mongolian gazelle, musk deer, wild boar, bison and other wildlife animals susceptible to the disease. The most susceptible to the disease to cattle, sheep infection rate is low. Foot and mouth disease in Asia, Africa and the Middle East and South America are popular, but also in non-endemic area sporadic. Foot and mouth disease is generally not fatal after onset, but the mouth of the beast will make disease, hoof a large number of blisters, fever, so the actual sharp drop in livestock production. In addition, some variants of foot and mouth disease virus can be transmitted to humans. Therefore, each time only after the outbreak of mass slaughter and burning of infected livestock to never troubles. As foot and mouth disease sps rapidly, is difficult to control, less remedial measures, known as animal husbandry, "the number one killer." Cause of foot and mouth disease virus there are O, A, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3 (ie South Africa
Foot and mouth disease virus type 1,2,3) and Asia1 (Asia 1) 7 serotypes. Little between the various types of protective immunity, a type of foot and mouth disease infected animals can still be infected with another type of foot and mouth disease virus. FMDV belongs to a small RNA virus families (Picornaviridae) aphthous virus, (Aphthovirus), is a cloven-hoofed animals, highly contagious disease (FMD) of the pathogen. In the center of the virus is a single-chain chain of RNA, base composition of about 8,000, and the genetic basis of infection; wrapped around proteins determine antigenicity, immunological and serological response capacity; virus shell 20 icosahedral symmetry. FMDV in the skin blisters in the sick animals and the highest toxic lymph. Toxic in the amount of heating up during the blood, milk, urine, saliva, tears and feces contain FMDV. However, FMDV has a large weakness: poor heat resistance, so few outbreaks of the summer, but the meat of sick animals as long as the heating over 100 can kill all the virus. FMDV immune T cells is dependent on B cell response, vaccination mainly induced the production of neutralizing antibodies. Against foot and mouth disease in animals suffering from fever, limping and in the skin and mucocutaneous
Foot and mouth disease virus subtype O vesicular rash appears on other symptoms. Row of the viral load to the sick animals within the lips, tongue blisters or erosion at the foot between the toes, foot blisters, or rotten spots Ministry epithelium and breast at the blisters at the most; Secondly, salivation, milk, feces, urine and exhaled breath will have the virus in the discharge. Foot and mouth disease can lead to sick animals malignant heart attack and rapid death. People in the event of foot and mouth disease virus, after an incubation period of 2-18 days after the sudden onset, manifested as fever, mouth dry and hot, lips, gums, tongue side, cheek, throat flushing and blistering (fingertips, palms, toes) , accompanied by headache, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. Patients recovered within a few days later, the prognosis is good. But sometimes can be complicated by myocarditis. Almost no patients were infectious, but can spthe virus to cattle, foot and mouth disease among livestock renewed popularity. Sick animals and infected animals is the main of infection, they not only through direct , but also through indirect transmission (eg, secretions, excretions, animal products, polluted air, feed, etc.) to the susceptible animals. The main route of transmission of foot and mouth disease is a digestive and respiratory tract, damage the skin, mucous membrane and intact skin (such as the breast skin), mucous membrane (conjunctiva). It may also be through the air, or through urine, milk, semen and saliva and other means of communication. Prevention and treatment of foot and mouth disease in China, mainly through vaccine inoculation to prevent, the occurrence of foot and mouth disease in the killing. Back in 17-19 century history, Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria's current foot and mouth disease have been
Contained in the foot and mouth disease virus. History ,1951-1952 British and French in the foot and mouth disease outbreak, the loss is as high as 143 million pounds; 1967 UK foot and mouth disease outbreak led to 40 million head of cattle were slaughtered, lose 1.5 billion pounds. Britain, France and other countries after the outbreak of foot and mouth disease, seriously affecting the price of pork. The mass slaughter of livestock, the need for feeding livestock has been depleted, the market demand for animal feed greatly reduced, resulting in animal feed corn and soybean prices fell. Britain and other developed countries have been internationally-round elimination of the foot and mouth disease in developing countries, China has also taken the forefront in the animal epidemic prevention. Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Animal Husbandry, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou virus veterinarian, after 18 years of painstaking research, has successfully developed a genetically engineered vaccine against foot and mouth disease - "O-anti-pig foot and mouth disease genetically engineered vaccines. " Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of science and technology personnel, the use of tobacco virus into a new high-security medical vaccine that have effects on the foot and mouth disease virus. The causes of cloven-hoofed animals FMDV is highly contagious diseases - foot and mouth disease pathogens, by a single-stranded positive-strand RNA and protein composition of the surrounding parcels, the protein determines the antigenicity, immunogenicity and serological response capacity; virus coat 20 for the icosahedral symmetry. FMDV in the skin blisters in the sick animals and the highest toxic lymph. Toxic in the amount of heating up during the blood, milk, urine, saliva, tears and feces contain FMDV. However, FMDV has a large weakness: poor heat resistance, so few outbreaks of the summer, but the meat of sick animals as long as the heating over 100 can kill all the virus. Foot and mouth disease in animals suffering from symptoms of fever, limping and in the skin and mucous membrane on the skin
Foot and mouth disease virus is vesicular rash and other symptoms. Foot and mouth disease can lead to sick animals malignant heart attack and rapid death. Row of viral load: the sick animals of the lips, tongue blisters or erosion at the foot between the toes, foot blisters, or rotten spots Ministry epithelium and breast at the blisters at the most; followed by salivation, milk, feces, urine and exhaled gas will have viral shedding. People in the event of foot and mouth disease virus, after an incubation period of 2-18 days after the sudden onset, manifested as fever, mouth dry and hot, lips, gums, tongue side, cheek, throat flushing, blisters appear (fingertips, palms, toes) , accompanied by headache, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. Patients recovered within a few days later, the prognosis is good. But sometimes can be complicated by myocarditis. Almost no patients were infectious, but can spthe virus to livestock animals, foot and mouth disease among livestock renewed popularity. Mode of transmission of foot and mouth disease transmission and more speed. Animal disease or in the incubation period is the main of infection
Universal foot and mouth disease virus. Virus through the air, dust, sick animals blisters, saliva, breast milk, feces, urine, semen and other secretions and excretions, and contaminated feed, litter with sick animals and the staff of the clothing sp. Foot and mouth disease sps through the air, the virus can spto the wind outside of 50-100 km. Cattle, sheep, pigs high-susceptible animals, the infection rate of almost 100%. In general, the mortality rate in adult animals suffering from foot and mouth disease in 5% -20%, and young animals 50% -80% mortality rate. Foot and mouth disease virus serotypes and more, easy variation. FMD virus has been found in A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3 and ASIA1 of 7 serotypes. The different types of antigens, not each immunization. There are multiple subtypes within each type, there are 65 subtypes. Vaccine-specific prevention of FMD vaccine is a reliable and effective means, safe and effective vaccine is successful in the prevention, control and eventually eradication of FMD in the pre-conditions. FMD vaccine attenuated vaccine and inactivated vaccines have a good routine immunization prototype, in the prevention and control of FMD in the process played an important role, but the strong back because the virus virulence, virus inactivation is not complete, live virus escape processing plants insecurity in some parts of the world, outbreaks of FMD vaccine seems to live in the remnants of the virus, prompting a search for a more safe and effective FMD vaccine. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology techniques, FMDV vaccines, such as genetic engineering subunit vaccine may be fed vaccines, synthetic peptide vaccines, protein carrier vaccines, gene deletion vaccines, live vector vaccines, DNA vaccines are emerging. Genetic engineering subunit vaccine subunit vaccine is prepared using genetic engineering of pathogens
Core-shell structure of foot and mouth disease virus subunit composition, subunit vaccine containing only the part of pathogens, does not cause disease of animals caused by pathogens, greatly improved in terms of security. Genetically engineered FMDV subunit vaccine using various expression systems are mainly expressed VP1 protein, made vaccine. Kupper et al (1981) cloned FMDVVP1 gene was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector PL promoter downstream to achieve VP1 gene expression, and by indirect ELISA and RIA tests confirmed its expression product antigenicity, thus genetically engineered FMDV subunit vaccine provides a theoretical basis. In the same year Kield expression in E. coli protein-A FMDVVP1 immune pigs and cattle, can induce neutralizing antibodies, with high concentration of VP1 protein or repeated inoculation of cattle, cattle can resist the attack of virulent FMDV. Morgan confirmed: A12-32 dimer with multiple inoculated pigs, pigs can produce high levels of neutralizing antibodies, can protect pigs from virulent attack, but the technology is not suitable for O-type FMDV. At present, FMDV structural genes have been found and non-structural genes 2A, 3C tandem expression of the class can produce 76S virus particles, purified the virus particles, is used to immunized animals, the immune effect is similar to the whole virus, can produce high levels of and antibodies, can resist the virulent attacks, and to solve the risk of FMDV routine vaccines Sandu, indicating good prospects on a monthly two years. In addition, yeast and baculovirus systems are also used to express VP1 protein, VP1 protein solution prokaryotic expression system is not modified in the processing of other issues, in order to increase their immunogenicity. Vaccine can be fed feeding (food) vaccine or the use of septic bacteria gene gun technology, the immunogenic genes into plants to obtain expression of immunogenic proteins in plants. FMD vaccine transgenic plant can be fed is the study of earlier and better one example. Back in 1998, Carrillo and other key protection with the FMDV VP1 antigen genes obtained transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, mice immunized with leaf extracts, can be induced to produce specific antibodies, mice can be immunized against all virulent FMDV median lethal dose of the attack, which is related to the expression of transgenic plant viral antigens to the immune protection of animals, all were first paper reported, and a dose of only 25-50mg immune leaves. 1999 Wigdorovitta such as the receptor material and use of alfalfa, transgenic alfalfa successfully to 15-20mg dose immunization of mice to 100% of immunized mice against lethal dose of virulent attacks. Recently, Carrillo and other Youyi potato as a receptor material, the expression of VP1 successfully obtained transgenic potato, animal experiments have confirmed that immune mice are resistant to virulent. Transgenic plants can be fed FMDV vaccine research success, will cattle, sheep and other herbivores FMD prevention promising future. Synthetic peptide vaccine which uses a synthetic peptide vaccine immune epitope according to the amino acid sequence of synthetic peptide epitope vaccine production. Generally from the primary structure of proteins combined with the analysis of monoclonal antibodies, immune proteins mainly derived amino acid sequence of epitope, and the expression of this synthesis or genetic engineering, a peptide as antigen. Dimarch synthetic O1K virus VP1141-158 and 200-213 amino acid fragment of the 40 amino acid peptide (Cys - cysteine -200-213- Pro - Pro - Ser -141-158- prolyl Thr - Cys - Glycine), with two rooms in which the proline and a serine, the peptide folded into a three-dimensional configuration, to improve the single-stage peptide (141-158- Pro - cysteine - Glycine) in the guinea pig in response level, and proposed N-terminal amino acid (cysteine - cysteine) the importance of improving the protection response. Brown, chemically synthesized gene encoding FMDVVP1 peptide segments 140-160 and 200-213 gene fragments, and the body was expressed in E. coli, with its immune cattle, pigs and so obtain a better immunity. Doel respectively A, O, C serotype FMDVVP1 sequences 141-158 and 200-213 peptides consisting of 40 aa synthetic peptide, and the cow, and guinea pigs tested, the results of each peptide produced a high level of specificity Anti-virus and antibodies in guinea pigs O, A-type peptide can be their own anti-virus attacks and get full protection, C-type poor. FMDV vaccine carrier protein is the proliferation of cells, the immune response dependent on T cells, which cytokines in antiviral immune defense play a particularly important role. In of this, people FMDVB cells or T cell epitopes and development of gene or protein molecules with the formation of VLP (Viruslikeparticle) the structure of gene fusion, the use of carrier protein-like virus particles or antigen presentation to stimulate T cells, the proliferation of cellular immune responses. Bittle under FMDVO1 type VP1 amino acid sequence, synthesis of compounds 140-160 amino acid peptide segment coupled with the carrier protein, can induce protective neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs. Broekhuijsen in -galactosidase gene VP1 N-terminal B-cell connections and T cell epitopes of a single copy or multiple copies of molecules, with the guinea pigs inoculated with the fusion protein, can induce high levels of neutralizing antibody to stimulate T cells to generate cellular immune responses, resistance to virulent attacks. In the same year Clarke hepatitis B virus core protein using a self-packaged like virus particles, the FMDV B-cell and T cell epitopes to connect to the N-terminal protein, and the pox virus, and its expression of the fusion N protein in guinea pigs and pigs can be induced in a high level of neutralizing antibody. Chan will FMDVVP1 the 141-160aa and 200-213aa in series with the IG pigs end of the heavy chain gene fusion protein was injected with the pig, can resist 50LD50 of FMD in the attack. Because the protein vector vaccine safe, immunogenic good, it has attractive potential applications. Gene deletion vaccines using genetic engineering FMDV full-length cloned cDNA, constructed infectious clone, the level of the DNA onto RNA, through the power of deletion and virus-related genes, reduced virulence, but without losing their immunogenicity. FMDV and Mengo virus belong to the small RNA viruses, it has been through DNA recombinant technology, the Mengo virus polly (C) fragment shortened form mutant, this innocuous mutant mice, and in mice can produce high levels of antibodies to protect mice from virulent attacks, which researchers have tried to learn from the experience of Mengo virus, FMDVpoly (C) fragment reduced, although the shortened poly (C) fragment of the virulence of FMDV mutants has not diminished, but to some people are inspired by the genome of FMDV the absence of a specific site, it is highly attenuated strain of FMDV may be constructed. X-ray crystal analysis, FMDV has a three-dimensional conformation, the surface composition of the VP1-VP3, VP1, a highly variable in the region, there is a highly conserved -Ring (GH loop) amino acid sequence of the surface exposed to the virus particles, which contains arginine - Glycine - Aspartic acid (RGD) sequence, constitutes a virus, cell adhesion sites. Ochoa, who studies the major antigen gene fragment FMDVVP1 sites of the crystal structure of GH loop synthetic peptides found that monoclonal antibodies against VP1 virus program can generate a certain inhibition of aggregation and strong adsorption of viruses and cells. Acharya, also found to contain the RGD sequence of infectious cDNA clones were prepared deletion or mutation of RGD virus particles becomes possible. Mason virus by replacing amino acids within the RGD sequence of FMDV mutant construct, the virus can not be adsorbed and the infected cells. The above study confirmed the RGD sequence is necessary for virus attachment to host cells. Mckenna, etc. to replace the wild type sequence with SGSNPGSL SGSGVRGDFGSL the RGD sequence encoding RGD deletion virus was constructed. The lack of RGD sequence of virus particles and infected cells without adsorption. The absence of the virus using a pig animal tests in mice and found that wild-type virus control group showed typical FMD symptoms, the experimental group without any symptoms. Monitored by immunoprecipitation of these animals 28d after inoculation, blood samples, which show a strong structural control protein activity, no activity detected in non-structural protein, demonstrated in animals to the wild virus replication, and replication of the virus can not be built . Hereford cow with the virus compared to the oil made to prove that in the production of serum neutralizing antibodies, stimulating the body immune response, animal protection, etc. consistent with the inactivated vaccine, some better than the inactivated vaccine. Live vector vaccines using genetic manipulation techniques to FMDV of protective genes (VP1 or P1) plugged into the genome of another virus in some parts, so that highly expressed recombinant protein. Since exogenous VP1 or P1 gene trees have become part of carrier, and with the Proliferation and keep the virus vector expression, and thus that the live vector vaccine not only in the body can not produce antibodies against the carrier, but also can generate against FMDV in antibody, so as to achieve "a shot against the two diseases" purposes. In addition, more than for FMDV serotypes and no cross protection between types, which can be of different types FMDVVP1 or P1 gene was inserted into the same virus live vector in genetic engineering to form multivalent vaccines to prevent and control FMD and other related diseases. The commonly used viral vectors are pox viruses, adenovirus, herpes virus. Sanz-Parra FMDVVP1 and VP1 expression is constructed recombinant pox virus, guinea pigs inoculated with the recombinant virus to produce for the FMDV B-cell and T cell immune response, in 2000, BerinsteinA other constructed strains P1 gene expression FMDVC3Arg85 recombinant pox virus, the recombinant pox virus vaccination with Balb / c mice by ELISA detection of high titers of anti-FMDV antibodies, and to protect against virulent homologous virus; GregoryA and so on, with the FMDV structural protein expression of adenovirus type immune pigs, 4 weeks after the booster dose with the same time, produce high levels of FMDV neutralizing antibodies, 5 / 6, immune pig was FMDV structural protein VP1 peptides, cattle inoculated with the recombinant virus induced high levels of anti-FMDV antibodies. Pseudorabies virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus belongs to the herpes virus, the genome of about 150kb, with the proliferation and virus replication in many non-essential genes, can accommodate multiple foreign genes, is a good virus vector. Ziji so successfully E1 membrane protein gene of CSFV strain into PRV738 gC genes are expressed, the vaccine into the immune pigs get a better immunity, and resistance to virulent PRV and swine fever ngdu attacks. In addition to the virus live vector vaccine, the bacteria are also used as a carrier, has been part of the FMDVVP1 peptide expression in the chimeric cell system. DNA vaccine DNA vaccine, also known as DNA vaccine, protective immunity is the pathogen antigen encoding gene expression of components placed under the control of real and import animals, the body, through the host cell's transcription system antigen protein synthesis to induce the production host immune response against antigen protein. Since FMDV serotypes and more, all types were no cross-protection, which gives a generic version of FMD enormous difficulties. 90, with the advent of the concept of genetic immunization and the improvement of the FMDV bring opportunities for immunization. Benvenisti will complete the structure of FMDV P1 gene and non-structural genes 2A, 3CD together, while adding encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) internal ribosome entry (IRES), and by immunofluorescence and detection of the porcine skin spots, some pigs obtain virulent attacks against FMDV. Shieh outstanding overcome the subunit vaccine can not produce long-lasting immune protection through gene subunit vaccine immunization and immune to enhance their immune effects, the first containing the main immunogenic FMDV VP1 plasmid immunized mice, followed by VP1 peptide conjugate ( P29-KLH) stimulated immune mice produce high titers of antibodies, and has in and FMDV activity. In short, the ideal vaccine must be safe, effective, should also have a cheap, easy to spand so on. Although FMDV inactivated vaccine has good immunogenicity, but the potential impact of the use of unsafe sex; addition, due to the high cost of inactivated vaccine preparation, expensive, limiting the promotion of the vaccine. DNA vaccine experience a safe, while the same virus preparation according to need or multivalent vaccine composition of Togo, significantly reduce production costs, etc., therefore, FMDV vaccine is the memory of the project's future development direction. Dry mouth disease virus are not afraid of combat, but the pH-sensitive, 80 to 100 temperature can kill it. Usually caustic soda, peracetic acid, elimination of Trane and other drugs contaminated equipment, animal care or venue for disinfection. Isolation, blockade, etc. vaccination can prevent the occurrence of foot and mouth disease. Affected area with iodine glycerin coating, such as disinfectant washing is commonly used oral treatment, but there is no cure. Causative risk of foot and mouth disease affects animals, reducing milk production, slaughter and destruction of the body commonly used for processing, causing serious losses to the livestock. OIE FMD as the "A list of animal diseases" in the first place. Many countries in the world as the most important animal foot and mouth disease quarantine, the Chinese put it as "a class of entry animal quarantine infectious disease." FMD rarely infects humans, but human or ingestion of contaminated animal products, the foot and mouth disease virus through the injured skin and oral mucosa into the human body. Human foot and mouth disease is characterized by sudden fever, mouth, pharynx, palm and other parts of the clearest large blisters appear, there is no effective treatment, these symptoms after 2-3 weeks after natural recovery, leaving no scars. Therefore, there is little risk to human health.


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