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Hysteria, also known as hysteria. This is a class of major life events, a strong inner conflict or emotional experience, implied or self-suggestion, the role of individuals in the easy to disease caused by mental disorders. Some of the hyperventilation was mainly known as hysterical hyperventilation syndrome. Hysterical hyperventilation syndrome is common in young women, mostly in emotion, anger, stress, anxiety and other incentives and the role of mental stimulation and disease.Hyperventilation causes of respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation in patients, because patients with rapid breathing, lung hyperventilation, excessive discharge of carbon dioxide, respiratory alkalosis caused by the body. Patients with respiratory alkalosis may cause chest pain, breathing difficulties, heart palpitations, sweating, pale, numb lips and face, hand, foot, convulsions and a series of clinical symptoms. Now nursing of these patients are summarized as follows:First, psychological counseling:
The existence of such patients with multiple incentives and other aspects of mental stimulation, or for romance, family discord, between husband and wife and other causes disease. Retaining to compassion, concern for patients, many with their interlocutor, active communication, the incentive to find the disease, patient for psychological counseling and comfort.Second, the suggestion therapy:
1. Send it to the hospital to let family, friends or colleagues should not panic, do not talk abou


t the disease before the patient how to how serious, etc., not showing the tension, anxiety, etc., due to the stimulus will add to the bad attacks.
2. Zhu Huanzhe body relax, even breathing, consciously slow down the respiratory rate or breath, to reduce the carbon dioxide exhaled, improve alkalosis, to relieve symptoms.
3. Severe symptoms can be surrounded with a hard disk in the patient flared muzzle cover, so that re-inhaled exhaled carbon dioxide to improve the symptoms of alkalosis.
4. Emotional stability were necessary to give sedatives orally or intramuscularly.
5. Intramuscular injection of vitamin B drugs, and told patients that the cure for the treatment of disease, efficacy was good. Many patients can be terminated by the hint after attack.Hysterical hyperventilation syndrome caused 34 cases of respiratory alkalosis
Our hospital emergency rooms are 34 cases of hysterical hyperventilation causes respiratory alkalosis syndrome clinical data were analyzed.1 Clinical data
34 patients, aged 14 to 67 years, mean age 29.4 years. All women. Are angry, tense and other psychological factors. Numb limbs and lips of which 28 cases, seizures occurred in 21 cases with both hands, palpitation in 29 cases, 31 cases of dizziness. Comfort to patients and their families by explaining the disease, the application suggests psychotherapy and cover your nose and mouth with a paper bag or plastic bag to suck the carbon dioxide exhaled, the symptoms will soon ease. To the stability of over-excited by the spirit of 10mg intramuscularly.2 Discussion
Hysterical hyperventilation syndrome causing respiratory rate to accelerate, hyperventilation, excessive exhaled carbon dioxide, carbonic acid concentration in the blood decreased, carbon dioxide partial pressure decreased, pH increased, causing respiratory alkalosis. To stimulate the respiratory alkalosis increased neuromuscular excitability, hand, foot, facial numbness, tremors, and tetany, muscle spasm. Due to the low hypercapnia induced cerebral vasospasm, may have vertigo.Closely related to mental illness and the diagnosis is not difficult. Should be associated with convulsions and hysterical convulsions, grand mal epilepsy, convulsions and other identification of calcium necessary to do blood gas analysis. Treatment of the first to stabilize mood. Patients and their families the symptoms of sudden fear, emotions are not stable. Sometimes reception site is very confusing. Medical staff to be very calm, properly handled, gentle words, there is suggestive, comfort with the treatment of patients and their families.In the prevention of this serious illness. In of increasing social pressure, the current disease, more and more hospitals and outpatient community medical personnel should be increased awareness of the disease. Can give full play to the role of general practitioners, patient-centered, the use of interpretative psychotherapy to guide the correct understanding and treatment of patients with disease of the spirit of factors, understanding the nature of the disease and help patients with defects of personality to guide patients to learn new coping skills, and enhance adaptability.
(Received date :) Hui Hospital Emergency Department, Beijing 100054Disease Alias: hyperventilation syndrome, hyperventilation syndrome, respiratory neuron disease, respiratory alkalosis syndrome, effort syndromeHyperventilation syndrome (hyperventilation
syndrome) is due to hyperventilation than the physiological need for metabolic syndrome caused by a group. Accelerate the onset of breathing deepened, the patient complained of breathing difficulty; chest tightness, pressure or choking sensations, may have chest pain, palpitations, tachycardia, and so on. Extremities and facial numbness, tetany, muscle cramps or stiffness, may also have headache, dizziness, disturbance of consciousness.Hyperventilation syndrome (hyperventilation
syndrome) is due to hyperventilation than the physiological need for metabolic syndrome caused by a group. Intrinsic refers to any organic disease is not reason, accelerated onset of respiratory motion, resulting in lower arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (less than 5kPa), respiratory alkalosis, and the sympathetic nervous system stimulant, clinically the performance of a variety of symptoms. All symptoms can be hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis to explain the occurrence of symptoms of abnormal respiratory control system, adjust the loss of stability of spontaneous breathing (more than likely to be high brainstem neural structures as the hypothalamus) concerned. The concept of hyperventilation syndrome include the following 3Respiratory symptoms and abnormal physical causal link between adjustment, that physical symptoms are caused by the abnormal respiratory regulation.Many organic diseases, such as hypoxemia, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary embolism, congestive heart failure, metabolic acidosis, fever, etc., can state with hyperventilation, blood gas analysis showed PaCO2
Reduce, but not the scope of hyperventilation syndrome. By treating the primary disease, hyperventilation state can be followed ease.Hyperventilation (over breathing) What is the disease? Serious? What is the incentive? How treated?
Ventilation per minute more than our body's metabolic demands, resulting in the power and blood biochemical changes (too fast breathing, increased oxygen in the blood, carbon dioxide is excreted in large numbers to form a low carbon dioxide acidosis, will also lead to respiratory alkalosis), some oxygen will be sucked less than the feeling of air and therefore more tense, breathing is not independently become unconscious over-breathing fast, can cause increased blood alkaline components, leading to numbness in hands and feet, brain swelling, respiratory alkalosis phenomenon.1. Some of the pressure or induced by drugs and diet, such as: emotional stress, work stress, coffee, tea proved so may cause hyperventilation syndrome.
2. Some of the negative emotions (such as: anger, fear, tension, etc.) induced by the accumulation, it could be negative sentiment to the autonomic nervous system disorder, so breathe deep and fast, feeling less than absorbing gas, gas was not due to smoking anxiety and tension, and further rapid deep breathing, and so over-breathing has been eliminated from the body leaving carbon dioxide, oxygen has been inhaled, showing a low carbon dioxide, the phenomenon of high oxygen, leading to respiratory alkalosis.
Treatment to find out the root causes of the disease induced, in addition, if you need medication to help, you can use the anti-anxiety drugs and sedatives; from psychological treatment and to receive technical training in muscle relaxation, meditation or hypnosis may also help ; respiratory training or paper bag breathing, also had good clinical results.Hyperventilationsyndrome), acute anxiety caused by physiological, psychological reactions, attacks, when patients may feel rapid heart beat, palpitations, sweating, feeling of not breathing because the breathing speed up, resulting in carbon dioxide continue to be discharged and the concentration is too low, causing second primary respiratory alkalosis and other symptoms. Breathing is breathing too excessive, causing respiratory alkalosis, causing numbness in hands and feet, severe limb can be twitch.1. To prevent and treat the primary disease.
2. Reduce the patient's hyperventilation, hyperventilation can be used as a sedative spirituality.
3. PCO2 can be used to improve blood bags of paper or long-barreled covering the nose and mouth to increase the respiratory dead space and reduce the CO2 in the exhaled and lost. Can also be inhaled oxygen with 5% CO2, to the role of symptomatic treatment.
4. Tetany may supply calcium to increase the amount of venous plasma [Ca] (slow 10% calcium gluconate injecti0ml).1. Spirituality hyperventilation
This is a common cause of respiratory alkalosis, but generally not serious. In severe cases, can have dizziness, paresthesia, occasional convulsions. Attack patients is common in hysteria.
2. Abnormal metabolic process
Hyperthyroidism, and fever, the ventilation can be increased significantly more than the amount of CO2 emitted. Can lead to respiratory alkalosis, but generally not serious. But all that ventilation is not simply dependent on the body fluids [H] and Pco2, but also the strength and aerobic and metabolic status. Hyperventilation at this time may be increased pulmonary blood flow caused by reflex responses.
3. Hypoxic hypoxia
Hypoxic hypoxia is hyperventilation during hypoxia compensatory, but too much can cause respiratory CO2 emission alkalosis. Common access to the plateau, the mountains or the high altitude of the person; thorax and lung diseases such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, pulmonary congestion and other causes of thoracic and pulmonary vascular or pulmonary afferent reflex stimulated by the increased ventilation of patients; In addition, some congenital heart disease, due to increased right to left shunt caused by hypotonic hypoxemia can also over-ventilation. These are the decline in the plasma H2CO3 respiratory alkalosis.
4. Central nervous system disorders
Encephalitis, meningitis, brain tumors, cerebrovascular accidents and brain injury patients with some respiratory center is stimulated and excited, there hyperventilation.
5. Salicylate poisoning
Salicylic acid can directly stimulate the respiratory center to increase excitability, sensitivity to normal stimuli also increased. Hence the over-ventilation.
6. Gram-negative bacilli sepsis
Gram-negative bacteria into the blood circuit and the propagation of the patients, blood pressure, body temperature changes can not yet apparent hyperventilation. Pco2 who are as low as 17mmHg. This change is very helpful in the diagnosis. The mechanism is unclear, because animal experiments failed to replicate this phenomenon.
7. Artificial respiration over.
8. Cirrhosis of the liver
Cirrhosis with ascites and elevated blood NH3 hyperventilation may occur. Department of NH3 may be the stimulation of the respiratory center caused. Of course, ascites, diaphragmatic elevation effect has stimulated respiration, but the non-cirrhotic patients with ascites but no response to hyperventilation.
9. Metabolic acidosis was corrected sudden
Such as using NaHCO3 to correct metabolic acidosis, extracellular fluid [HCO3-] concentration quickly rose to normal, but the brains through the blood barrier is slow, about 12 to 24 hours, when the brain is still metabolic acidosis, hyperventilation so persist. This has resulted in low H2CO3 respiratory alkalosis.
10. Pregnancy
A moderate increase in ventilation, it is more than CO2 output, the current opinion of progesterone on the respiratory center stimulation, a number of synthetic progesterone preparations have this effect. Reaction of vomiting of pregnancy, inadequate diet can ketoacidosis, pregnancy reaction after a period of respiratory alkalosis may occur, sometimes causing tetany.Hyperventilation syndrome can cause headaches
Hyperventilation syndrome can cause headaches. Hyperventilation syndrome, is due to excessive rapid deep breathing carbon dioxide caused by a blood pressure drop and reduction in free calcium syndrome. Clinical performance of a group of more complex and diverse neuropsychiatric symptoms. Respiratory rate in patients with accelerated deepening caused by many reasons, such as in high-altitude, thin air of underground environment such as working, living, constantly groans when the severe pain, emotional volatility, hysteria and other mental stress can cause excessive breathing; another high fever, encephalitis , brain injury caused by changes in respiratory rhythm and inspiratory expiratory ratio of artificial respiration adjusted properly, etc., can cause excessive breathing. Excessive breathing of carbon dioxide emitted more from the lungs, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood may also decrease the blood pH value increased, resulting in respiratory alkalosis, alkalosis when the serum calcium to reduce the free level, so that vasodilation, which causes a range of symptoms. In addition to over-breathing, the excessive respiratory syndrome patients have headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, facial numbness, hearing impairment, trembling, limbs and convulsions. Headache produced the following two reasons: 1. Brain blood vessels to dilate it; 2. Autonomic dysfunction due. This syndrome is often misdiagnosed clinically, so pay attention and hysteria, tetany syndrome, hypoglycemia, hyperthyroidism, heart disease and other identification. Diagnostic criteria of this disease are: 1. Patients with typical onset of deep, fast respiratory symptoms; 2. Deep fast breathing in patients with the occurrence of the disease can be induced; 3. Attack abnormal arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide reduction, blood pH value increased; 4. to a certain concentration of carbon dioxide inhalation in patients (usually 5%) gas, the attack can be terminated.


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