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Manganese poisoning caused by what?
Manganese mainly absorbed through the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, skin absorption is minimal, manganese in the blood to form divalent and blood
References (21) Wang Guangsong 216 cases clinical analysis of chronic manganese poisoning [Papers] - Occupational Health and Damage 2002 (02) Pan lift. Wang Xiaojiang. Fangmei Fang workers in blast furnace ferromanganese smelting manganese poisoning prevention and control research and thirty-five years analysis [Papers] - Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases 2001 Ono K. Romai K. Yamada MMyoclonic involuntary movement associated with chronic manganese poisoning 2002 Xie Pei meaning. Lei Zhen Lin. Silver Star Rotary occupational manganese exposure and urinary manganese relationship between hair Mn 1995 (04) Apostoli P. Lucchini R. Alessio LAre current biomarkers suitable for the assessment of manganese exposure in individual workers? 2000 Buchet JP.Msgos C. Roels HUrinary excretion of homovanillic acid in workers exposed to manganese 1993 (02) Ai LB.Chua LH.New ALUrinary homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillymandelic acid (VMA) in workers exposed to manganese dust 1998 (01) Smargiassi A. Mergler D. Bergamaschi EPeripheral markers of catecholamine metabolism among workers occupationally exposed to manganese 1995 (1 / 3) Huang Pingping . Huan Xiang. Chencai Xiu five chronic occupational poisoning neurasthenia syndrome and EEG changes [Papers] - China Industrial Medi


cine 2001 (02) high Xiaoling. Chen Hongying. Chen Jian manganese effects on human nerve conduction velocity studies [Papers] - Labor Medicine 2000 Feng Qing 3 cases of chronic manganese poisoning patients EMG change report [Papers] - China Occupational Medicine 1998 (04) Jiang Feng Jie. Ren Yongqing. Houguang Ping manganese poisoning Brain CT changes in 1997 (02) Zhou Weimin. Wang Di new chronic manganese intoxication in 39 cases Clinical analysis [Papers] - China Industrial Medicine 2001 (01) Katsuragi T. Takahashi T. Shibuya KA patient with parkinsonism presenting hyperintensity in the globus on T1-Weighted MR images the correlation with manganese poisoning 1996 Mirowitz SA.Westrich TJ.Hirsch JDHyperintense basal ganglia on T1-Weighted MR images in patients receiving parenteral nutriti991 Kouji Masumoto.Sachiyo Suita.Tomoaki TaguchiManganese intoxication during intermittent parenteral nutrition: Report of two cases 2001 (02) Yangho Kim.Jae-Woo Kim.Kengo ItoPositron emission tomography ( PET) in differentiating manganism from idiopathic Parkinsonism 1999 Katsuragi T. Iseki E. Kosaka KCerebrospinal fluid manganese concentrations in patients with symmetric pallidal hyperintensities on T1 Weighted MRI 1999 Chen wind. dawn severe clinical analysis of fourteen cases of manganese poisoning [Papers] - Industrial Hygiene Occupational Diseases in 2003 (01) Ji Shuqin amino acid sodium in the treatment of chronic manganese poisoning and its role in the initial clinical evaluation of 1989, Huang Bo. Hu Wanda. Jishu Qin PAS-Na treatment of manganese poisoning, central nervous system lesions observed in rats 1994 (04)
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The names of diseases (English) manganese poisoning Pinyin MENGZHONGDU Classification of Diseases code alias Western poisoning and chemical damage, disease name Western medicine defines disease classification codes smoke caused by inhalation of manganese compounds and manganese compounds of manganese dust and oral poisoning caused by excessive. Acute injury irritation and corrosion. Chronic damage to the nervous system and extrapyramidal symptoms is obvious. Traditional Chinese Medicine Explained cause of seasonal western regions cause the crowd of people and easy access to industrial manganese poisoning, such as melting and welding steel, manufacture of manganese alloys, manganese dioxide, welding medicine, batteries, glass, plastic and agricultural fungicides maneb . Communication incidence and intensity of the pathogenesis of manganese absorption through the respiratory tract, and B1 in the plasma binding globulin and distribution for the transfer Manganese body, rich in mitochondria is stored in the liver, pancreas, kidney, heart, brain and other organs. Manganese into the body to form insoluble phosphate accumulation in organs and tissues, the highest content of the early to the liver, central nervous system were the lowest, but the latter excreted more slowly. Manganese in brain tissue volume in the cerebellum and basal ganglia most. TCM Pathology The pathological changes of manganese poisoning primarily in the basal ganglia degeneration of nerve cells and extensive plastic degeneration, demyelination of nerve fibers, vascular intimal thickening and thrombosis, cell edema and cell infiltration. Selective effects of manganese in the pathophysiology of nerve cells and reduce the activity of mitochondria and ATP inhibition of lysosomal acid phosphatase in, leading to nerve cell degeneration, damage to synaptic transmission function. And that manganese can inhibit cholinesterase, affecting cholinergic nerve fibers in synaptic transmission; or destruction of dopa decarboxylase, the dopamine and 5 - HT reduced, leading to nerve conduction disturbances. Western medicine diagnosis of TCM diagnostic criteria Diagnostic criteria Diagnostic criteria of manganese poisoning:First, the diagnostic principles
Close the occupational exposure should be based on history and the clinical manifestations of extrapyramidal damage to the main reference work environment survey, field measurement of air concentration of manganese and other information, a comprehensive analysis, the exclusion of other diseases such as paralysis agitans, liver degeneration, etc. before diagnosis.
Second, diagnostic criteria and sub-polarWith dizziness, headache, easy fatigue, sleep disorders, forgetfulness, neurasthenia syndrome and other manifestations, as well as physical pain, lower limb weakness and heaviness and other symptoms. If some of the following circumstances, could be classified as observed objects:
1. There sweating, heart palpitations, the performance of autonomic dysfunction;
2. Urine and hair manganese than upper limit of normal in the region.In addition to the above symptoms, one of the following conditions may be diagnosed with mild poisoning.
1. Certainly increased muscle tone;
2. Increased muscle tone though not sure, but the fingers are obvious tremor, tendon hyperreflexia; and is easily excited, emotional instability, lack of interest in the things around such mental or emotional change.One of the following circumstances, can be diagnosed severe poisoning:
1. Marked extrapyramidal damage: performance of Parkinson's syndrome: the limbs increased muscle tone, accompanied by resting tremor, rigidity can cause the gears like; may appear on the means or the rotation test is not flexible and not accurate, difficult to establish positive sign turn a blind eye, speech impairment, or gait abnormalities, movement disorders such as back problems.
2. Toxic psychosis: a significant mental or emotional changes, such as feelings of apathy, and unresponsiveness, involuntary laughing and crying, obsessive, impulsive behavior.[Appendix] that the proper use of the standard (reference case)
1. Manganese poisoning should pay attention to neurasthenia, peripheral neuritis, psychosis, tremor, paralysis, encephalitis sequelae, liver degeneration, complications after acute carbon monoxide poisoning, cerebral arteriosclerosis, senile tremor differentiated from other diseases.
2. Manganese poisoning is currently no specific laboratory diagnostic indicators. The standard proposed in the urine manganese, hair manganese, can only serve as indicators of exposure. Manganese content in biological materials is not high, but occupational history clear, the typical symptoms and signs, to the exclusion of other diseases should be diagnosed.
3. Whether affirmative increased muscle tone, the key to the diagnosis of manganese poisoning. Significantly elevated in muscle tone, inspection is not difficult to determine. Increased muscle tone is not apparent, must be carefully repeated the test, if necessary, subject to many checks before OK. Where can those who identified as increased muscle tone, it means that certain increased muscle tone.
with Western medicine diagnosis is based on three to five years after the onset of disease, but also can be up to 20 years. Incidence of high concentration for several months. History of symptoms and signs of acute inhalation of high concentrations of manganese poisoning, Department of manganese chloride, potassium permanganate and manganese dust caused by boric acid. Who have mild respiratory irritation, severe respiratory difficulties and confusion. Inhalation of manganese dust can cause metal fume fever. Oral potassium permanganate poisoning, can cause mouth, throat and gastrointestinal mucosa corrosion and erosion, with severe abdominal pain, vomiting, blood in the stool, and even shock and death. Chronic manganese poisoning, early dizziness, memory loss, sleep disturbance, emotional excitement or depression, then there is decreased blinking, finger tremors, knee hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone limbs. Medical indifferent facial expression, speech impairment, gait panic, generalized increased muscle tone, ataxia, resting tremor and writing difficulties, and ankle and knee clonus, abdominal reflex, plantar test positive planning, rotation and other movement disorders manganese toxic paralysis agitans syndrome. Electrical diagnostic EEG rhythms may appear a reduction in volatility is low, increase the fast wave, slow wave can be. EMG has increased resting EMG amplitude fluctuations in a wide range, it is obvious synchronization tremor, action and reaction when latent perverse extension of reaction changes. Diagnostic Imaging Laboratory diagnosis of blood and urine manganese manganese manganese were significantly higher fat will help diagnosis. Blood CSF Urine other diagnostic immunology stool examination of tissue differential diagnosis of chronic manganese poisoning Western should be degeneration of liver, encephalitis sequelae differentiated from senile atherosclerosis. Identification of traditional Chinese medicine evaluation standard class 1 license. Cure: the symptoms and signs disappeared.
2. Improvement: the symptoms and signs of significant improvement, leaving mild neurasthenic syndrome or mental symptoms. Western medicine treatment of complications prognosis of manganese can drive calcium EDTA metal complex drugs. Paralysis agitans syndrome with levodopa, scopolamine, trihexyphenidyl (Antan) and so on. Chinese Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Integrative Medicine Massage preventive care and rehabilitation of historical research


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