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diabetic skin, which is the most common skin lesions of diabetes, accounting for 50% of diabetic patients, more men than women, usually no clinical symptoms. The disease is characterized by multiple lower extremity distal extension side of the skin pigmentation. Initially lesions are round or oval dark red papules, followed by a shrinking of the black-brown spots under the t. Is mainly active in the treatment of diabetes.
skin infections, diabetes, susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections in patients with skin diseases, illness than the general treatment of patients with serious and difficult, but also make diabetes and difficult to control exacerbations. Common bacterial infections are Staphylococcus aureus infection, clinical manifestations of skin boils carbuncle, gangrene, cellulitis, folliculitis, etc.; fungal skin infections including ringworm and skin mucosal candidiasis, such as vulvitis, the glans inflammation, erosion and ingrowing glans.
skin itching disease, diabetes, about 5% of patients with symptoms of skin itching disease. Into the limitations of systemic itching and itching, the former more common in elderly patients with diabetes, diabetic neuropathy may be caused by dry skin on; which is more common in women with diabetes, often associated with local beads Yan infection. Transfer from
First, the main symptoms of malaria control (A) pharmacological effects of chloroquine chloroquine (Chloro-quinoline, chloroquine) for the 4 - amin


oquinoline derivatives, mainly for its role in malaria plasmodia interference of schizont DNA replication and transcription process, or prevent endocytosis, so that the larvae died due to lack of amino acids. However, some have been found for Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine had. Adverse reactions to antimalarial treatment, fewer adverse reactions. Only a slight dizziness, headache, gastrointestinal discomfort, itching, tinnitus, a few patients can suffer from mental symptoms improved after stopping their own. Medication for a long time, can cause corneal and retinal degeneration, visual impairment occurs. Sometimes there may be neutropenia, fetal malformations caused by a small number of patients to be arrhythmia, such as high-dose, long course of treatment available, should take appropriate precautions. 1 preparation and usage. Chloroquine phosphate (chloroquini phosphas) tablet: Each tablet contains chloroquine phosphate 0.075g, 0.25g. Used to control malaria episodes, the first dose of oral 1g, the first 2,3 days each serving 0.5g, 2 pm service. Children for the first time 16mg/kg (of the appropriate heat reduction, fractional service), 6 to 8 hours after the third light of day the service 2,3 8mg/kg. Suppress the symptoms for malaria prevention, oral administration of 1 per week, each 0.5g, children weekly 8gm/kg. Injection: Each 129mg (base 80mg) (2ml); 250mg (base 155mg) (2ml). Intravenous infusion: every 2 ~ 3mg/kg, with 5% glucose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection 500ml diluted slow drip. 2. Combination of chloroquine phosphate tablets (compound only malaria tablets) each containing 110mg chloroquine phosphate and primaquine phosphate 8.8mg. 1 day, 6 tablets each time orally, even for 3 days. (B) quinine quinine (quinine) cinchona bark extract is an alkaloid. Major role in the parasite erythrocytic stage, the control of malaria symptoms. As the role of weak side more than quinine in the treatment of malaria has been the drug of choice do not do as necessary to control symptoms, or chloroquine-resistant malaria treatment applications. Quinine sulfate tablets: 0.3g / piece, 0.3 ~ 0.6g / time, 3 times a day orally, and even served 5 to 7 days. Prevention for blood transfusion, 0.3 ~ 06g / time, 1 day, children 10mg/kg, day 1 for 7 days. Quinine hydrochloride tablets: 0.33g / piece, 0.12g / piece. Quinine dihydrochloride injection: 0.25g (1ml), 0.5g (1ml), 0.25 ~ 0.5g / times, with 5% glucose injection was diluted to 0.5 ~ 1mg per ml after the slow intravenous infusion, should not intravenous Note. Used for treatment of cerebral malaria with less for hip deep intramuscular 0.25 ~ 0.5g / times. (C) mefloquine mefloquine (mefloquine) for the 4 - quinoline methanol class of antimalarial drugs. Main pharmacological effects of red blood cells in the Plasmodium falciparum trophozoite killing, used to control symptoms. Mefloquine plasma half-life is longer, about 30 days, can be used for controlling the symptoms of malaria prevention, alone or with long-acting sulfonamides, pyrimethamine combination on Plasmodium falciparum resistance to a certain effect. Tablet: 250mg / tablets, used to control symptoms, adult Dayton clothing 1 ~ 1.5g. Prevention: Adults 180mg a week or two 360mg oral. (D) of artemisinin artemisinin (artemisinin) is extracted from Artemisia annua medicine. The red variety of the parasite within the body has the role of the clones, and its mechanism may be inhibition of synthesis of parasite eggs. The drugs also kill for schistosomiasis, but the recent resurgence of P. vivax rate higher than that of chloroquine, and primaquine combination can reduce the recrudescence rate. For vivax malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, especially in the rescue of cerebral malaria, the effect is good. Able to control clinical seizures, parasitemia may be removed within 48 hours, cooling time and parasite clearance time is shorter than that of chloroquine can be used on the chloroquine-resistant parasites. Individual patients, there may be a transient and mild increase in aminotransferase skin rash, a few cases there may be nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms, early pregnancy women should be used with caution. Major preparation and usage: Tablets: 50mg / tablets, 100mg / film. The first oral dose 1g, 6 ~ 8 hours after the 0.5g, 2 to 3 days each 0.5g, course of 3 days, total 2.5g. Children 15mg/kg, by the above method within 3 days served. Rectal administration: 1 0.4 ~ 0.6g, daily 0.8 ~ 1.2g. Oil Injection: Each 50mg (2ml), 100mg (2ml), 300mg (2ml). Water suspension injection: Each 300mg (2ml). Deep intramuscular: 1st 200mg, 6 ~ 8 hours later to 100mg, 2 to 3 days of the intramuscular injection of 100mg, total dose of 500mg, the 4th day of individual critically ill patients to give 100mg. Or use 3 days, daily intramuscular injection of 300mg. Children 15mg/kg, by the above method within 3 days end note. (E) artemether artemether (artemether) for the domestic development of new antiparasitic drugs is an effective material. With the pharmacological effects of artemisinin antimalarial artemisinin from 10 to 20 times. Low toxicity of this drug, but there are some fetal toxicity. Used in the treatment of falciparum malaria, especially falciparum malaria resistance to chloroquine and dangerous type of malaria treatment, 100% curative effect. Recrudescence rate lower than artemisinin, primaquine combined with lower recrudescence rate. Adverse reactions were mild. Coartem tablets: Each tablet contains artemether 0.02g, including benflumetol 0.12g. Antimalarial treatment: the first oral administration of 4 adults, 8,24 and 48 hours after each serving four each, total 16 pieces. Children's doses decreasing by age. Capsule: Each capsule 40mg. Antimalarial treatment: first dose of adult oral 160mg, starting from the day 1 day 2 times 80mg, and even served 5 to 7 days. Oil Injection: Each 80mg (1ml). Antimalarial treatment: intramuscular injection, the first 1, 200mg, 2 to 4 at the 100mg, or 1,2 at the 200mg, 3,4 at the 100mg, total dose of 600mg. Pediatric doses reduce it. Or the first dose of 160mg, day 1 day 2 times 80mg, used in conjunction 5. Antipyretic treatment: intramuscular injection of 200mg. Second, mainly used to control the spof drug relapse and primaquine primaquine (Job quinoline, morpholine primaquine, primaquine) 8 - aminoquinoline derivatives, infrared and gametophyte of a strong role in the killing can effectively control the recurrence and spof malaria. Mechanism of drug action is interference with the metabolism of primaquine on Plasmodium infrared energy metabolism and respiration, leading to parasite death. Often combined with chloroquine or pyrimethamine and control of vivax malaria cure malaria transmission. Primaquine toxicity than other antimalarial large, when the daily dose of more than 52.8mg, prone to fatigue, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, cyanosis, drug fever and so on, stopping after the resumption. Few red blood cells lack glucose 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase people can occur after treatment of acute hemolytic anemia. Tablet: Each tablet contains 13.2mg of primaquine phosphate, or 26.4mg (equivalent to 7.5mg of primaquine base or 15mg). Radical cure of vivax malaria: daily oral 26.4mg, and even served 14 days. Or daily service 39.6mg, even serving 8. 3 days before serving the drug, chloroquine, or the same service with the first 2 services pyrimethamine. Control of malaria transmission: with the treatment of falciparum malaria such as chloroquine, the daily dose 26.4mg, even for 3 days. Third, the main cause for the prevention of malaria (a) pyrimethamine pyrimethamine (fixed interest malaria, pyrimethamine) is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, acid, the dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate can not be restored, so that nucleic acids synthesis decreased. To inhibit nuclear division, leaving the parasite reproduction was inhibited. Of falciparum malaria and vivax malaria in the primary period of red blood cells are inhibited, the malaria gametocyte no effect, but the drug-containing blood in the mosquitoes can affect gametophyte development in mosquitoes, interrupt transmission. Mainly used for malaria prevention and anti-retroviral therapy. The slow excretion, a high degree of accumulation. 1 excessive or long-term use can cause toxicity. Such as bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal symptoms. Long term use of drugs should always check blood. Renal dysfunction, lactating women with caution. Occasionally cause erythema-like, bubble-like drug eruption. Tablet: Each tablet 6.25mg. Film Coating: Each cell 6.25mg. Malaria Prevention: Adult per serving 25mg, 1 per week, children reduce. Anti-retroviral treatment: adult daily 25 ~ 50mg, qd for 2 days, children reduce (mostly combined with primaquine). (B) sulfonamides and sulfone drugs such as sulfa and sulfone drugs can inhibit parasite folate metabolism, is usually better combination. 2 antimalarial tablets: Each tablet contains sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine 250mg, pyrimethamine 17.5mg, every 10 to 15 days for 1 second, 2 for each adult, even serving not more than 3 months. 3 antimalarial tablets: Each tablet contains 4 - quinoline piperazine phosphate 250mg, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine 50mg, once a month to prevent an adult, each 4 or 4 2 at bedtime hours service, once every 3 to 4 months of treatment, with adults for the first time, the first day of the service 3 2,3


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