Health Worlds

About 90% of upper respiratory tract infection caused by a virus, secondary bacterial infections after viral infection often. Four Seasons disease, the incidence of any age can, through droplets containing the virus, droplet, or spby contaminated equipment. Often in the body resistance is lowered, such as chills, fatigue, rain, etc., aly exists or by an outside invasion of the virus and / or bacteria, rapid growth and reproduction, leading to infection. Disease prognosis is good, there are self-limiting, usually 5-7 days of recovery. Often secondary to bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, few people can be complicated by acute myocarditis, nephritis, rheumatic fever and so on. Lower respiratory tract infection. Clinical reference by increasing choice of antibiotics, resistant strains also increased significantly, due to the application of high-dose cephalosporins, resulting in nosocomial infections, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus bacteria infection is increasing. Serology and molecular biology advances, so that people on the mycoplasma, chlamydia, or legionella infection has greatly improved the understanding. Fluoroquinolones, macrolides, etc., have attracted attention. Whether or lower respiratory tract infection upper respiratory infection, mostly caused by a virus, as, viral respiratory infections. Viral respiratory infection caused by a variety of acute respiratory virus infections. Sub-viral upper respiratory infection and viral lower respiratory tr


act infection, the former manifestations of acute rhinitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis, which manifested as acute bronchitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. The high incidence of diseases, and the crowd generally easy to dye, children, the elderly, malnourished and suffering from chronic diseases to be more susceptible. Higher incidence in winter and spring. Many respiratory diseases such as measles, rubella, etc. can be expressed as an upper respiratory infection symptoms, care should be identified. Children with viral respiratory tract infection as a pediatric common disease, respiratory tract infections are caused by the age of 5 worldwide leading cause of death in children, its clinical manifestations is easily recognized, but the cause of respiratory tract infections caused by it is difficult to clear. By conventional methods can only be clear about 46% acquired pneumonia etiology, for lower respiratory tract infection caused by a virus, only 40% to clear the virus pathogen. Respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus among children with lower respiratory tract infections and common virus bronchiolitis, there is still more than 1 / 3 of cases can not clearly pathogenic. Children newly discovered respiratory virus infection since 2001, many new human viruses were found, hMPV (human metapneu-movirus, hMPV), human coronavirus (human corona-virus, hCoV) NL63 and HKU1, and human Boca virus (human Baca Virus, hBoV) have been shown to cause respiratory disease, its epidemiology and clinical features have also been more in-depth study. 1. HMPV hMPV epidemiology and clinical features such as 2001, van den Hoogen the first report of hMPV can cause respiratory tract infections, followed by serological studies confirmed hMPV prevalence in humans over 50 years, hMPV infection in the global epidemic, Study of China reported a total of about hMPV about 49. Zhang Qin ELISA assay such as the use of children in different age groups in the hMPV IgG serum antibody positive rate, 0 to 5 months, 6 to 11 months, 12 to 23 months, 24 to 35 months of age, 3 to 6 years of age group were 74.5%, 64.0%, 72.7%, 90.3%, 93.1%, RSV in all age groups and hMPV-positive rate is very similar, suggesting to 6 years, 90% of children infected with hMPV . Currently there are at least 2 found hMPV genotypes A and B. hMPV can cause infants and young children, the elderly and immune dysfunction among the upper and lower respiratory tract infection, especially for infants under 2 years more of a threat, about 5% to 15% of bronchiolitis caused by the hMPV. The clinical manifestations of infection with RSV is similar with the RSV epidemic season and peak overlap, suggesting that infection may exist between the two. One study reported that 70% of children with bronchiolitis with severe RSV and hMPV infection exists, but in population-based case-control study found that, RSV and hMPV infection is uncommon. hMPV infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause severe respiratory tract infection, pneumococcal vaccination can reduce the hMPV-related lower respiratory tract infection. Immune dysfunction in patients infected with hMPV can cause severe fatal diseases, including respiratory failure, pulmonary hemorrhage and shock. There is no current clinical treatment of drug therapy cure for hMPV, ribavirin can inhibit in vitro hMPV, but as the treatment of RSV in the body, like a lot of limitations. Have prepared monoclonal antibodies and genotypes in A and B, hMPV, was confirmed in animal models, has a protective effect. NMSO3 strong in vitro anti-hM-PV activity. hMPV vaccines which are being developed, including subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines and live attenuated vaccines. 2. HCoV human coronavirus epidemiology and clinical features of 2003 years ago, only two kinds of human coronavirus 229E and hCoV hCoV one is awareness of a 0C43. Since 2003, 3 new coronavirus was found: SARS-related coronavirus, hCoV-NL63 and hCoV-HKU1. hCoV-NL63 2 genotypes were distributed worldwide, about l% ~ l0% of the children's respiratory infections caused by the hCoV-NL63. hCoV-HKU1 is only a fraction of respiratory infection was detected, the Hong Kong study, acute respiratory infections and about 0.3% to 2.4% for hCoV-HKU1 positive move and military section of the sample were detected from 260 to 2 copies of coronavirus HKU1, the positive rate was 0.77% (2 / 260 patients). hCoV-NL63 infection can cause upper and lower respiratory tract infection. In children and immunocompromised people in the higher infection rate, infection with other viruses can also be caused by a single incidence of infection. hCoV-HKU1 infection not only in the respiratory tract, can also be detected in feces of children to the virus. Drug therapy at present for the diagnosis of human coronavirus nucleic acid amplification method is limited, there is no specific treatment. 3. Boca human epidemiological and clinical features of HIV hBoV Allander 2005, first from respiratory diseases such as respiratory tract of patients with small isolated a new virus, so far from Europe, North America, Middle East, Asia and Africa were found in the data, from respiratory secretions in the respiratory tract infection Boca virus infection in humans. Most studies show that about l% ~ 8% of respiratory specimens found hBoV, mostly from children. There are articles on the domestic l4 Boca virus research articles, confirmed hBoV infection is caused by lower respiratory tract infection in one of the important viral pathogens, such as Tang Yu was first found in the respiratory secretions of children continue to breathe in, hBoV positive rate Up to 31%. hBoV co-infection with other respiratory viruses are very common in Thailand's monitoring shows that 4.5% of pneumonia showed hBoV positive, 83% and parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus and RSV mixed infection. hBoV clinical manifestations of infection with high fever, cough array-based, laboratory WBC, C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and blood biochemical indices are mostly normal. Compared with children with RSV infection, hBoV fever infection is relatively more number of cases, but other clinical symptoms similar to RSV. hBoV seropositive tips, hBoV may lead to viremia; hBoV symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection in addition to the performance, but also can cause intestinal and other related symptoms. No hBoV drug treatment effects in clinical treatment. 4. Other newly discovered virus with improved detection methods, there are more new viruses are found, including a tiny hBoV different virus PARV4, 2 1Tr virus-like viruses, 2 new KI and WU, mimi virus, its epidemiology and clinical features to be studied further. In conclusion, hMPV has been very clear that it is important viral pathogens that can lead to serious illness, requires the development of vaccines and related anti-viral drugs to combat metapneumovirus; hCoV-NL63 and hCoV-HKU1 and human upper and lower respiratory tract infection, but their burden of disease is not clear; hBoV may cause systemic disease. With the discovery of new viruses pathogenic viral etiology of clinical research, clinical diagnosis and etiology of anti-viral methods to find new challenges. 5. Early detection of viral respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus is the early detection of the virus, both in children with lower respiratory tract infections and bronchiolitis, a common virus. The treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infection theory of traditional Chinese medicine: children with recurrent respiratory infections in children younger root causes of weakness, lack of righteousness, the virtual table is not solid, those who are physically weak and susceptible to wind evil, when evil (external viruses, bacteria) of the invasion, children outside the body upright enough to resist evil, then lower the ability of the disease, resulting in a series of repeated episodes of infection disease. Yu Ping Feng Qi particles, the solid form is for such a situation the role of onset, and righteousness restored, evil is difficult to invasion, disease under control, but also showed hyperhidrosis in children's symptoms. Modern Western Theory: According to the latest opinion pediatrician, children's causes and recurrent respiratory tract infection despite the associated bacterial infection, but the fundamental internal causes recurrent is immune dysfunction in children, experts in the study found that children from birth about 6 months until the primary stage, the body's immune disorders in different types of time will occur constantly change, so accurate and correct disorders of the immune function of children is to cure children with repeated respiratory tract infection the best means. At present, there's the so-called immune health products dazzling, effects exaggerated irresponsible advertising flying in the sky. Can really regulate immunity, and is bi-directional regulation of drugs, they must have safe, affordable drugs, only Yupingfeng particles. New research shows that Yu Ping Feng particles by regulating the T helper cells and thus affect the whole lymphoid immune system, through a series of pharmacological effects of Chinese medicine, different types of immune disorders have a two-way adjustment, thereby restoring normal immune function in children, recurrent respiratory tract infections on the subsequent cure. "newly discovered respiratory virus infection on the epidemiology and clinical features of" Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Center for Liu Enmei respiratory


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