Pathological causes of schizophrenia more . What are the causes of schizophrenia
Schizophrenia (Schizophrenia) is a group of unknown etiology of mental illness, multiple onset in young .
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Some common types of schizophrenia, clinical manifestations of childhood schizophrenia symptoms of schizophrenia in children and adolescents with schizophrenia in the early diagnosis of childhood schizophrenia clues to the main indications for treatment of schizophrenia schizophrenia more . treatment
The current etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia is not clear, therefore, the treatment main .
How to deal with schizophrenia, schizophrenia, self-help method for the treatment of schizophrenia, a key goal of psychotropic drugs with rapid onset of schizophrenia is not easy short treatment time and easy long more preventive care of schizophrenia . daily care and protection of schizophrenia
Schizophrenia daily care and maintenance should note the following: 1 To correctly deal with their own .Autonomic dysfunction of autonomic dysfunction proper diet how autonomic self-diagnosis to check the performance of autonomic dysfunction autonomic function and how to diagnose How to prevent disturbance of autonomic dysfunction can be cured Facebook
r>Schizophrenia (schizophrenia) Overof Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is considered the main sign of the basic structure of thinking and cognitive fragmentation occurs. This dissociation is believed to cause the phenomenon of thinking can not distinguish between the form of barriers and lead to internal and external experience. People suffering from schizophrenia may have hallucinations themselves that, or others can be found by the illusion of their performance. Patients may also be expressed clearly delusional beliefs. Degradation of social or occupational functioning, a number of minor symptoms, no organic encephalopathy, can establish the diagnosis of conditions. Schizophrenia is the most common mental illness a mental illness, the U.S. six districts of the survey data show that the annual incidence rate was 0.43 ~ 0.69 , 15 years old was 0.30 ~ 1.20 (Babigian, 1975), part of China region is 0.09 , a pilot survey based on international schizophrenia (IPSS) data, 18 countries 20 centers, which lasted 20 years more than 3,000 survey report, in the general population annual incidence of schizophrenia in the 0.2 ~ 0.6 , with an average of 0.3 (Shinfuku, 1992 years). So far the cause of schizophrenia is unknown, occurs in young adults, mainly in 16 to 40 years old, no organic c
hange, as a functional mental illness, the patients were generally unconscious and intelligent obstacles, but the attack not only affects the time of my ability to work, and also have an impact on the family and society, should cause public concern. More protracted course of schizophrenia and showed sexual development, such as early detection as early as possible to give proper treatment, most patients are more optimistic prognosis, a small number of patients because treatment is not timely, unreasonable delay of time, delaying diagnosis and treatment, to slow the disease progress even lost treatment opportunities, mental recession, a mental disability. Shanghai (1978) from 1957 to 1959 of 1200 discharged hospital patients with schizophrenia were followed up for 20 years, there are four outcomes: is clinical cure in 25%; levels were significantly improved 33%; psychiatric symptoms still exist, no self- known force, but some ability to work 25%; situation worse, including the decline accounted for 16%, treatment should be as early as possible in order to good effect. Schizophrenia, mental illness caused widespattention seriously affect people's physical and mental health, increased social burden of social and economic development. March 8, 2001, General Secretary Jiang Zemin To the World Health Organization, Dr. Brundtland, Director-General of the letter should be made to "mobilize the whole society, and strive for the reintegration of mental disorders create a suitable environment." 7 April the same year, Vice Premier Li pointed out: "Mental health is integral with the people part of physical and mental health, mental health work to do, not only related to physical and mental health of millions of people, but also to social stability and people the safety of life and property, on the social and economic development is also important. " October 10 each year is World Mental Health Day, the Ministry of Health in 2002, the slogan is: "Mental health: from understanding the beginning." We hope it can be for everyone's mental health awareness, the same as the emphasis on physical health, attention to mental health, with particular emphasis on understanding and awareness of the disease of schizophrenia. Characteristics of schizophrenia: hallucinations, delusions, a feature of schizophrenia: delusions 1, delusion: patients believe that some of the surrounding environment, a phenomenon not related to him were with him. Such as conversations between others that is talking about him, people spit in for him. 2, persecutory delusions: There is no base in the persecution of others convinced him and his family. Persecution of a variety of ways, being followed, have been defamed, being isolated, being poisoned and so on. 3, the impact of wishful thinking: there is a perceived sense of being controlled. Were convinced that their own mental activity and behavior of the special things from outside interference and control. Can be a radio, light waves, a ray and so on. Patients experience a strong and involuntary nature of the passive, this is the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia. 4, jealousy, delusions: patients believe that their spouse was unfaithful, and other improper relationship with the opposite sex. Track, monitor spouse, the spouse purposefully opened a letter addressed to someone else, check the spouse's clothing. 5, grandiose: patients believe they have extraordinary talent, the supreme right, a lot of wealth and so on. 6, love delusion: patients believe themselves to be a heterosexual or a lot of heterosexual love. When was the other party refused to test him that this is still repeated entanglement. 7, evil delusion: convinced that he committed a serious error. Light they think they have done something wrong for saying that, I'm sorry people, should be punished, should be sentenced, even heinous, Siyouyugu, which were treated with a variety of ways to sin. 8, hypochondriacal paranoia: patients believe that their body is suffering from a serious illness, and therefore everywhere doctor. Were repeated to find a doctor, repeat can not eliminate all checking suspicious. 9, is insight into the sense of: said to be insight into the mind or thought to be exposed. Patients believe that their thinking has not been expressed in words or other means to know by others, or even well known, leaving talk of the town. Another major symptoms of schizophrenia: hallucinations. 1, auditory hallucination: that the absence of auditory stimulation can also occur auditory experience. Continuous verbal auditory hallucinations of schizophrenia are often performance. 2, visual hallucination: the absence of visual stimulation when the visual resemblance of the experience. Illusion of variety, such as simple light, monochromatic color, single object, the scene of the scene complexity, may vivid. 3, Magic smell: some unpleasant smell, unpleasant odor. 4, Magic: Tasting the food has a pungent aroma of a special exception, and thus refuse to eat. 5, Magic touch: there is some exception was the feeling of the skin, such as insects crawling feeling, formication, pins and needles, fluid sense of movement. 6, visceral illusion: the patient experience to the body part or an organ within an abnormal perceptual experiences, such as the flap was lung, liver rupture, volvulus, accurate positioning, often associated with hypochondria delusions, persecutory delusion simultaneously. Awareness of early symptoms of schizophrenia early symptoms of schizophrenia is very important to early detection and early treatment. Before disease onset were acute or non-existent hard to find early symptoms. Most patients are slow in onset with no clear trigger, Aberdeen tenant to observe and analyze the following general can be found in some of the early psychiatric symptoms: sleep change: gradually or suddenly become difficult to sleep, easy to wake or sleep is not deep, evil night dreams, or sleep too much. Emotional change: emotion becomes cold, lost a passion, do not care for their loved ones, feelings of lack of proper communication with the friends she used to, not interested in things around, or because of little things and lose my temper, and inexplicably happy and so sad tears or . Abnormal behavior: behavior gradually becomes eccentric, secretive or difficult to understand, like to be alone, not intended to chase the opposite sex, shameless, to himself, smiling, life lazy daze daze, Mengtoutaishui, meals, night does not go home, etc. Sensitive, suspicious: for what are very sensitive to the surrounding some of the commonplace, and his link that is against him. If other people in conversation, that he is talking about; people occasionally look at him, that is no good. Some even think that radio, television, newspapers and other related content, how the wind blows, pay attention to people's every move, and some believe that someone is persecuting him, afraid to drink water, eat, sleep, and some that love to his unfaithful tracking. Personality change: the original lively, cheerful, hospitable people, become silent few words, sat alone in thinking like, not with people; always cleanly people become slovenly, lazy life, discipline, relaxation, focus does not work concentration; the original dance from the compliance people have become habitually late, leaving early, absenteeism, work casual, indifference to criticism; original thrift savings people get wasted, have been very interested in not interested in such things. Language exception: its not much conversation topic, the statement is simple, Monotony, lack of conversation in the center or in conversation with the conversation say something unrelated to the content, people can not understand, or somehow feel effortless conversation, or talking to himself, repeating the same content. Divorced from reality, indulge in fantasies, do "Daydream." The main symptoms of schizophrenia, thought disorders: schizophrenia, thought disorder is probably divided into the following, speed of thought disorder, thought form disorder, mind control disorder, thought content disorders. Speed of thought disorder: thinking processes, such as speed or slow. Form of thought disorder: association obstacles such as lack of association of the structural purpose, thinking relaxed, thinking the process does not comply with logic. Mind control disorder: delusions caused by the patient does not feel that their own thinking, feeling their own thinking in the subject to control by external forces without the control of their own will. Thought content disorders: paranoid delusion or class, forced sexual attitudes and so on. Hallucinations, positive hallucinations of schizophrenia patients can be mainly the following: auditory hallucination: refers to patients with no real external sound stimuli in the case, and heard the voice from the outside world, these voices can be a voice , music, etc., may also be some discussion of the voice. Sometimes patients may submit to the voice commands from these auditory hallucinations, which led to a dangerous place. Visual hallucinations: visual stimulation in the absence of a real case, the patient can see some of the images do not exist. Magic touch: tactile stimulation in the absence of real cases, the patient felt the feeling of touch. Can feel the touch from the people, but also can feel the touch from the animals and so on. Some of the symptoms listed above can be called positive symptoms, some patients with schizophrenia can appear perverse emotions, intentions perversion and emotional symptoms such as slow disintegration, and other negative symptoms will subside. Negative symptoms for patients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia, the main personality, emotional response, will, behavior, and barriers to social functions, such as lack of emotion, lack of initiating sex, poor speech, lack of interest, behavior, lethargy, social withdrawal, etc. schizophrenic people exclaimed, "a mental illness time is coming," but deep down many people have always cherished the fear of mental illness and discrimination, especially for schizophrenia patients. Distorted because of this disease, patients and their families pay the cost of emotion. Family members are usually reluctant to talk about, schizophrenia patients often think they do not have friends or no employment opportunities. The disease often linked with violence and homelessness. A small fraction of patients with behavioral disorders, which lead to open violence, the outbreak of a direct infringement of their own or others. Although these events are rare, but can cause great concern in the media, while the negative impact of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a severe and progressive decline of mental illness, patients seem to have lost touch with reality, difficult to identify the subjective and objective, that their emotions under control. The prevalence of schizophrenia in men and women are equal, men generally in the 17-30 age of onset often, women in the 20-40 age of onset, this time, the patient is starting to build their way of life period, therefore, the spirit of serious damage to the labor of schizophrenia, and their personal development and family and the society have a profound adverse effects. Schizophrenia in terms of any health care system is a widespdisease. This is a chronic disease, the disease onset in young adults more time, the course was recurrent, persistent trends, to patients and their families cause great mental anguish. They stop their studies prematurely, loss of former employment, or result in family breakdown, enormous impact of their life. Another cost of the expensive treatment of schizophrenia, individuals and countries have caused enormous economic burden. The importance of early intervention and treatment of disease if the patient a short time, was first diagnosed with schizophrenia, when used as soon as possible a comprehensive efficacy, side effects of new antipsychotic treatment is low and the treatment of disease the key to early recovery. Particularly in patients with disease in adolescence, and only control the symptoms quickly, as soon as possible to resume its study, work and life skills, can the disease does not affect its future prospects. The disease in patients with acute exacerbation of a period of time, mainly due to improper maintenance of patients or use of drugs, the dose is too small, or when stopping use, or other sudden withdrawal. Even acute relapse, occurred in the case of drug treatment. Each one will be worse relapse, treatment will be more difficult, recurrent lead to a progressive loss of social function in patients. Insomnia may also cause schizophrenia. The five classifications of schizophrenia: catatonic type schizophrenia - this type of social function in patients with extreme withdrawal, withdrawal, severe negative symptoms, have severe psychomotor disorder. The collapse of schizophrenia - patients with this type of incoherent speech, mood and emotional experience and the reality does not cut, usually without hallucinations. Paranoid schizophrenia - this type of patient is very suspicious of others, behavior dominated by paranoia, hallucinations and delusions obvious. Residual schizophrenia - this type of patients are currently no delusions, hallucinations, or rupture of the speech and behavior, but lack of motivation and interest in daily life. Schizoaffective disorder - this type of patients with schizophrenia and affective disorder at the same time, such as depression, bipolar disorder, or mixed symptoms of mania. The call of the success of Oscar-winning film "A Beautiful Mind" (A Beatiful in Mind) is based on the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994, Nash (Jr.John Forbe Nash) the true story. Nash, the mathematician to show outstanding young mathematical genius, but because of his schizophrenia to a higher level in the academic path into suffered huge obstacles. This has destroyed the face of many challenges, with the help of Nash and wife, the treatment of a doctor, without fear, stubborn resistance. Unfortunately, he eventually triumphed over this and won the Nobel Prize in 1994. ? Schizophrenia is a common cause of mental illness has not been fully clarified. With the deepening social and economic reform, the pace of life accelerated, intensified social competition, changes in family structure, people are facing increasing pressure, mental health problems have become increasingly prominent. Schizophrenia, mental illness is the most common diseases. The prevalence of schizophrenia up to 6.55% 0 up to 7.8 million patients with schizophrenia. Despite continuous progress in recent years, the level of treatment of schizophrenia remains a devastating and costly disease, hospitalization costs and care costs account for the vast majority of all medical expenses, and costs of drug therapy only is all the medical expenses small. According to the latest survey, the social burden of mental illness to become China ranked first in the total burden of disease of disease, more than the cardiovascular, respiratory, and cancer and other diseases. Schizophrenia relapse and harm the high relapse rate of schizophrenia has become the focus of World Health. Because the characteristics of the disease, schizophrenia is a chronic persistent recurrent disease, the disease easily repeated. Each relapse patients are likely to result in permanent brain damage, cognitive function and further damage to a further decline in social function; for family members of patients, disease recurrence means that the deterioration of their loved ones and multiple compulsory hospital treatment, must assume a greater the financial burden and emotional stress; for medical workers, will increase the recurrence of the difficulty of treatment and, ultimately, the prognosis is not ideal. Therefore effectively prevent the recurrence of schizophrenia has become an urgent need to solve the problem. Held on June 17 the "ADHES China found that" the national launch meeting, the Chinese Society of Psychiatry Council chairman Professor Zhou Dongfeng announced the launch of relapse and hospitalization for schizophrenia risk factors for investigation. Professor Zhou also introduced: "the treatment of patients with schizophrenia on the part of non-compliance or compliance leading to relapse and rehospitalization in patients with the most important factor. Today is the attempt to start the investigation of multiple factors in non-compliance found in the importance of different factors level, for better treatment for active exploration. "root causes of mental illness is a frequent recurrence in patients with poor drug compliance. The so-called patient compliance is the degree of adherence. Understanding today's meeting Professor He Yanling the country for the first time that outpatients with schizophrenia, the findings of compliance: "The current treatment compliance in patients with schizophrenia is still unsatisfactory, at least about 3 percent of schizophrenia patients with compliance issues. In Patients, family members , 30% of the respondents admitted their own in the course of treatment was discontinued by drug or refuse medication; survey figures from the medical group is more pessimistic, doctors believe that patients stop taking medicine You Sicheng , by drug or refuse medication, and a quarter of the patients had forgotten medication. The results of outpatient research also confirmed that 38% of patients are still worried about side effects of drug withdrawal, 20% of patients treated inconvenience due withdrawal. improve schizophrenia treatment adherence, help patients return to society long-term drug therapy tends to lose confidence in the treatment of schizophrenia. frequently miss a dose of drug will inevitably lead to relapse, or even worse and had to re-hospitalization. When the patient relapsed several times, each cycle of the disease will require a longer recovery time, the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs will be decreased, over time, gradually increase the difficulty of treatment. drug compliance is a successful treatment of mental One of the key factors of schizophrenia, so through various efforts to improve patient compliance is very important for the treatment of schizophrenia. The experts agreed that: "the development and application of new drugs to improve treatment compliance of the most effective way." With the new the continuous introduction of atypical antipsychotics in efficacy and better, but also improved the traditional drugs prone to stiffness, slowness, tremors, drooling, and other adverse reactions, but the compliance of patients has not been significantly improved. According to studies, oral administration of atypical antipsychotics 18 months of treatment interruption rate of 75%. in the treatment of atypical neuroleptic drugs on the long-acting injection has been for doctors, patients bring new solutions. The new long-acting injection, "Hang Tak" by "Medisorb microsphere technology" to make active pharmaceutical ingredients break down in the body stable and continuous, sustained efficacy of 2 weeks to play, and completely decomposed into water and carbon dioxide metabolism of sending the body, relatively safe. As a new generation long-acting antipsychotics, "Hang Tak" to ensure stable and continuous delivery of drug, can improve patient medication compliance, efficacy of protection is not easy to relapse in patients with disruption; "Hang Tak" could allow doctors to more easily monitor the condition progress and promote the patient's regular s with the medical team. a new generation of long-acting injections, "Hang Tak" come out and the application is an important milestone in the treatment of schizophrenia. On the other hand, new treatment modalities are also helping patients and their families during treatment to get more support and encouragement, mental illness, schizophrenia patients community treatment model to provide a comprehensive and thoughtful service, regularly remind patients referral to help patients have a more independent and free life and enhance self-confidence and self-esteem, and eventually return to society, family and community to create value. "We have no reason because they feel does not match with the real world, blame them, because they feel very real for them, and we have no reason not to help them, because they can not self-identify. "To help patients through treatment, recovery of social function, return to the spirit of community has become a new therapeutic target specialists. Indicates a sign of a relapse of schizophrenia relapse of schizophrenia before the general performance of the following: 1. Patients face a change: remission or recovery, the patient's facial expression is more natural, more flexible look, other people can see from the normal facial happiness, anger, sadness and joy of expression changes. and changes in expression can reflect their inner feelings accordingly. In about to fall ill, the patient is often manifested in eyes dull, his eyes straight ahead and so on. 2. on the change in the attitude of those around them: In general, patients with schizophrenia in the recovery and remission of disease, with family, colleagues, friends and other people in with them, get along are more harmonious, natural conversation, answer questions to the point, people feel no barrier to his s. If a patient suddenly becomes withdrawn, loner, not with people, alone corner, bow meditation , or the attitudes of arrogant, bad temper, irritability, and others do not want to engage in normal communication and exchange, there's likely to fall ill. (limited space reference 1), the characteristic symptoms (a) thought disorder, including association disorder of thinking, logic process disorder and delusions. associative thinking process of a lack of coherence and logic, is the most characteristic of schizophrenia disorder. which is characterized by patients in the case of conscious, thinking, loose associations, or split, the lack of specific and realistic. The most typical performance for the rupture of thinking, that the patient's speech or writing, the statement in the grammar structure, although no exception, but between statements, concepts, or between the inner sense of context, lack of , thus losing the main ideas and practical significance. logic process in patients with disorders that do not follow the normal laws of logic to analyze the problem, showing the concept of chaos and strange logic. delusions usually primary delusion. thought disorder in the early stages of the disease can only think of the performance of the thinking sense of the process of the content is not closely related, relaxation. At this point the patient narrative is not fair answer to the question, not to the point, make with the patients was difficult, said the association relaxation. Another form of thought disorder, the patient with some very common words, terms, and even to express some particular action, in addition to others outside the patient himself can not understand the significance of symbolic thinking said. Sometimes the patient to create new words, the concept of two or more unrelated words or complete word or words put together, endowed with special significance for the so-called new words. (b) indifferent affective disorder affective blunting, emotional response and thought content, and not with external stimulation, is an important feature of schizophrenia. the first involving is more delicate emotions, such as colleagues, friends, care, compassion, caring for their loved ones. The patient's emotional response to things around to become slow or dull, for life, learning of reduction, interest reduction. As the disease development, increasing the patient's emotional experience of poor, indifferent to all, even the ordinary people who have great sorrow and pain of the event, patients showed indifference, indifference, loss of emotional connection to the surrounding environment (apathy). if their loved ones near thousands of miles to visit, patients seen as passers-by. In addition, emotional responses can be seen in the nature of the perversion, the patient tearfully sing happy songs, laughing described their pain and suffering (emotional perversion). or a thing pitting ambivalence. (c) will conduct disorder, while in the apathy, the patient's activity, the lack of initiative, passive behavior, withdrawal, and that the will of the low activity. The patient on the social, lack of work and study requirements not take the initiative in dealing with people, learning, living and working the lack of enthusiasm and initiative, and act lazy, no reason not in class, do not work. extremely passive behavior in severe patients, all day in bed or sitting, doing nothing. over many years without hair, no hair, Estuary do not spit in the mouth. As more and more activities will lower, patients become increasingly eccentric, divorced from reality. Some patients can not eat things that eat like to eat soap, insects, vegetation, drinking water spittoon, or harm your body (intention perversion). The patient may have a thing against the intention of (contradictory intentions.) stubbornly rejected all the patients, such as the patient eyes open, eyes closed, patients are Push (negativism). or vice versa, sometimes outside the patient to carry out any mechanical requirements (passive obedience), manipulated his position, such as the patient to raise one leg, the patient can be given a time to maintain the fixed position (wax-like buckling), or mechanically repeat the words of the people around or behavior (imitating the language, imitating actions). sometimes some sudden impulse to action without purpose: in bed for several days if the patient does not move, suddenly jumped out of bed, broken window glass, and later in bed Fixed. acts dominated action against their will, is a characteristic symptom. the thoughts, feelings, activities of the three obstacles to the will of the patients from the mental activities and the environment, behavior, bizarre, eccentric outliers, plus most do not expose themselves morbid thoughts, indulge in their own morbid experience, from the music, smiling, surrounded by people can not understand his inner emotions, called introversion. Other common symptoms of (a) illusion of illusion and perception barriers found in integrated more than half patients can be very stubborn sometimes. The most common is hearing voices, mainly verbal auditory hallucinations. The patient heard the neighbors, relatives, colleagues or strangers, the content is often unpleasant to the patient. The most characteristic is heard with the two or a few voices talking about patients, arguing with each other or the third person rethe patient (reed auditory hallucinations). voice, often threatening the patient, order the patient, or about the patient's thoughts, rethe patient's behavior. The patient can clearly hear every word about him, it is very painful. patient behavior often dominated by auditory hallucinations. such as dialogue and sound make for a long time, anger, laughter, fear, or muttered to himself, for the ear to listen like; or indulge in auditory hallucinations in, smiling, talking to himself, as a whisper-like. auditory hallucinations may be true, the voice from the objective space, the outside world. also be a false illusion that the patient heard a voice in the dialogue in mind, in talking about him . visual hallucinations are not uncommon. schizophrenia are often very realistic visions of the image, color, size, shape clearly visible. content and more monotonous bizarre. are seen to be a hand, half of his face, no head shadow, there is a small bulb persons. phosphenes in the brain image can also occur, the patient said, is "the eyes" to see that the false visions. perception is not uncommon in schizophrenia comprehensive barrier. depersonalization in schizophrenia have a certain characteristics, such as the patient felt his head left his body, lost weight, and body as if light wind blowing up, walking and so did not feel the presence of lower extremity. and sometimes more complex experience of abstraction such as a complete loss of the patient complaint stated, "I "feeling," I "split into two or three, he is one of only part of the mental activities and physical activities, such as by their own domination. (b) paranoid delusion is one of the most common symptoms of schizophrenia. In in some cases can be very prominent delusions. content to paranoia, delusion, delusion of the most common. In addition, visible hypochondria, love, self-blame from the offense, jealousy delusion. (c) catatonic syndrome, this syndrome The most obvious manifestation is the tension stupor: Patient silent, motionless, negativism, or were passive obedience, and accompanied by increased muscle tone. the patient's posture is not very natural, if the patient lying in bed, head and pillow can be separated a distance between the (air pillows), there are day and night not move to turn a blind eye Zhanli. visible waxy buckling, patients are free to manipulate any part of and remain in a fixed position. Youshi sudden impulsive behavior may be that the tension of sexual excitement: The patient impulsive behavior, movement disorder , artificial or with stiffness. The typical symptoms of schizophrenia, and early onset of these symptoms may be less obvious, and is often overlooked and delayed treatment opportunity. different forms of the disease onset may be chronic , subacute or acute. clinically by a slow onset is most common at this time slow progression, often difficult to estimate the exact time of onset. early symptoms of personality change and class to the most common symptoms of neurosis. The patient's mental activity gradually become dull. of people cold, and alienated, and hostile family escape; or man of few words, good sat alone, with or without the purpose of roaming, living lazy, do not discipline the advice of those around them shut down. Some patients showed abnormal personality. good temper for no reason, can not be made, sensitive, suspicious; or indulge in a number of unrealistic fantasy, himself, from the laughter; or unwarranted fear. At this point the family is often not easy to be understood as the disease. There of patients compulsive symptoms: Pazang, fearing disease, fear wrong thing, afraid that others will see their fears or no reason, or the performance of the ceremony for the stereotyped action for several months to several years. Some of the early symptoms of the patient depersonalization, the patient felt that his body has changed, and some appear hypochondriacal ideas, but in general these early symptoms are not fixed, when the time is now hidden. some patients with subacute onset, from the questionable to the obvious symptoms mental disorders after about two weeks to three months. At this point the performance of affective disorder, depression, sadness, prone to compulsive symptoms or suspected disease concept, followed by generating delusional experience, for several weeks to several months. acute onset patients, the general disease within two weeks, the patient suddenly excited restlessness, impulsivity destroyed property, abnormal behavior, emotional fearful, confused, or there is no reason for joy. At this point the patient may be associated with disturbance of consciousness. in the apparent spirit of the stimulus onset patients response status can begin. The patient confusion, emotional anxiety, increased speech, and a piece of wishful thinking. delusional content can reflect the spirit of the stimulation, but the content is messy, absurd logic. when the disease developed to a stage, according to the clinical symptoms of the dominant divided into several types (simple type, catatonic type, youth oriented, paranoid, etc.), although some can be seen in clinical cases of transition from one type to another type or several types of features together, but different the incidence of type forms, clinical features, course and outcome after a certain difference between the estimated treatment response and prognosis of some guidance, so the clinical classification of some significance and necessity. With modern physical therapy and the progress of drug therapy, significantly improve the rate of clinical remission of the disease, people's on the prognosis of schizophrenia optimistic than half a century ago. Currently, the paranoid type and prognosis of acute tension-type is the best, youth-based drug treatment can be given more good mitigation, simply type the prognosis is still the worst. neurology and psychiatry is the difference between the minds of many people, often there is a wrong concept that the neurological and psychiatric confused. Every time I hear people say "crazy" and immediately think of "crazy", "fool." Therefore, many literary periodicals and television, film appeared to mental illness is often referred to as the error it is called neuropathy. In fact, mental illness, and neuropathy are two completely different diseases, can not be confused. mental illness, also called mental disorders, is the result of abnormal brain function. existing equipment also can not find the disruptive changes in brain structure. According to available data indicate that mental illness is due to biochemical processes occur in patients with brain the disorder, some of the central nervous system in patients with multi-media, some media are missing some of the central nervous system, or the product of some of the body's metabolism caused by excessive accumulation in the brain. As abnormal brain function in psychiatric patients, these patients the apparent emergence of abnormal mental activity, such as inexplicable to himself, laughing and crying impermanence, sometimes facing the wall or on the air curse, sometimes Yishanbuzheng, and even naked in front of a large crowd . neuropathy is short for nervous system diseases. front has been referred to the body's nervous system is an important system, it coordinates the function of organs inside the body to adapt to changes in the external environment, play a "command" role. any injury and damage to the nervous system can cause a variety of situations nervous system diseases. such as head trauma can cause a concussion or brain contusion; bacterial, fungal and viral infections can cause various types of encephalitis or meningitis; congenital or hereditary disease can slow brain development in children; high blood pressure, cerebral arteriosclerosis can cause stroke and so on. So, a common neurological disease which symptoms? headache, dizziness, sleep is not normal, tremor, unstable walking, lower limb paralysis, hemiplegia, numbness, convulsions, coma, size, will not be able to control, muscle atrophy and weakness and so is the most common manifestations. Broadly speaking, the symptoms can be divided into two categories: one is the irritation symptoms, characterized by pain, numbness; the other is the destruction of symptoms in paralysis. Of course, some neurological patients may also show some degree of mental disorders, but the mental disorders and mental disorders, mental patients are different, the doctor based on symptoms, examination and various laboratory tests can distinguish between these two . Thus, neurology and psychiatry are two different aspects of disease, its causes, clinical manifestations are not the same, so in daily life these two concepts should be clear. If you encounter the mentally ill, then a doctor should be suggested to him to a mental hospital or psychiatric; and neuropathy patients, you should go see a doctor to the neurologist. need to be explained that the neurasthenic and neuropathy, mental illness are completely different, not to be confused. schizophrenia, 1% of the population file certain times in their lives will suffer from schizophrenia. estimated million people worldwide suffer from schizophrenia, 4500-5000, of which 33 million in developing countries. the children of one parent is schizophrenic, 10% of the risk of suffering from schizophrenia disease. Schizophrenia can occur at any age, but generally men in the 17 to 30 years of age, while women 30 to 40 years in incidence. at the acute phase of schizophrenia, patients may have auditory hallucinations, incoherent and delusional. doctors know the cause of schizophrenia cause, but speculated that the chemical imbalance in the brain may be factors. 10 patients with schizophrenia appeared in four suicide attempts, and have at least one successful suicide. because of the difficulty completely cured of schizophrenia, Treatment aims to eliminate or reduce symptoms, relapse prevention and recovery of social and occupational functioning of patients. The first episode of the patients had 1 / 4 of a full recovery. More than half of patients will relapse or show a chronic course. 25% of patients need lifelong medication and care. schizophrenia, there are several common clinical type 1 and paranoid schizophrenia the most common type of schizophrenia in one type. generally slow onset, age of onset is later than other types . The main clinical manifestations are delusions and hallucinations, but delusions based, these symptoms are also key aspects of psychiatric symptoms. delusions of primary delusions, the main delusion, paranoia, hypochondriacal paranoia, delusional jealousy, delusions and effects of . These delusions are usually loose, contents ridiculous. In case of delusion, the patient always felt that the phenomenon is happening all around for their own, are associated with their own: someone else's argument is of no confidence in his assessment, others run voice the sound is not conducive to their own information delivery, others in contempt for his glance and so on. hallucinations or both before and after the formation of the delusion may occur to the content of auditory hallucinations of speech against them the most common, in addition, there may be visions, magic touch, smell and other magic. In addition to delusions and hallucinations, but although it may have emotional instability, abnormal behavior, such as performance, but the general will and the emotional impact of thinking small, not very strange behavior. This type of patient only intact, daily life can take care of themselves, although less spontaneous remission, but after the treatment can usually achieve better results. 2, youth type (disintegration type) This type of schizophrenia is also more common in schizophrenia. more in the 18-25 years onset of puberty. onset of urgency, often associated with age-related origin, the earlier the age of origin, the slower onset, progression of the disease paroxysmal increase; sending the later ages of onset more abrupt, the course will be able to reach a climax in the short term. The main clinical manifestations of thinking, emotional and behavioral disorders. thought disorder manifested as verbal clutter, content, bizarre, difficult man to understand; affective disorder manifested as mood fluctuations, joy of impermanence, sometimes crying, sometimes laughing, twinkling of an eye and becomes furious, elusive; behavioral disorders manifested as actions childish, stupid, grimacing, playing with feces, swallowed a fly, giggling, people can not accept. In addition, there may be delusions and hallucinations, but more one-sided simple. The lives of patients is difficult to take care of themselves, the prognosis is poor. 3, tension-type schizophrenia This type is more rare. onset more acute, mostly in young-onset. The main clinical manifestations of tension of stupor, the patient does not eat, do not move nor speak, such as Nisumudiao, or if the wax in general, can swing its body without any resistance, but still conscious awareness. Sometimes a sudden change in status from the stupor difficult to contain the excitement for the restless , when the violent behavior, often acts destruction of property wounding, serious when day and night, but generally after a few hours can be alleviated, or re-entered stupor state. This type of self-mitigation, treatment effect is better 4. , this type of simple schizophrenia are rare. insidious onset, slow development, mostly in young-onset. The clinical manifestations of poverty of thought, apathy, or will decline and other "negative symptoms" which, in the early stage performance is similar to the symptoms of neurasthenia, such as listlessness, lax attention, dizziness, insomnia, and then gradually withdrawn there, lazy, lack of interest, apathy, and eccentric, as well as unable to adapt to social needs, but not delusions, hallucinations and other obvious "positive symptoms." cases of severe mental decline is increasingly evident. course of at least 2 years. This type of poor prognosis. 5, other than schizophrenia than schizophrenia psychotic symptoms of several types of the more obvious, there is not type, residue type and type and other types of depression. unclassified symptoms of schizophrenia is a variety of cross-mixing, it is difficult classified in any of the above type of schizophrenia, can be mixed. Residual type schizophrenia Disease is defined as "positive symptoms" based activities into the period immediately after the "negative symptoms" as the characteristic performance of the non-stage personality defects of schizophrenia, this model is also more common in schizophrenia . depression and schizophrenia is the acute phase of schizophrenia than "positive symptoms", the same depressive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, such as schizophrenia after other symptoms gradually ease the symptoms of depression, it is called split aftermath of depression symptoms. schizophrenia relapse rate is high, and the more times recurrence, disease, mental defect caused by the more serious, to patients, families, caused tremendous burden on society. Therefore, once had schizophrenia, we must do everything possible to take measures in the prevention of recurrence, that is the case without relapse measures. 1, adhere to the maintenance dose of medication is the most effective measures for prevention of recurrence: clinical lot of statistics show that most of the recurrence of schizophrenia withdrawal on their own. adhere to the maintenance dose of medication 40% of patients relapse. And those who did not adhere to the maintenance dose of medication up to 80% recurrence rate. Therefore, patients and family members to attach great importance to maintenance therapy. 2, to detect recurrence of the aura, in a timely manner Treatment: Schizophrenia is a sign of recurrence, as long as the timely detection, timely adjustment of drug and dosage are generally able to prevent recurrence, a common precursor to relapse: patients because there was no sleeping, lazy, unwilling to get up, in a daze daze , mood swings, unexplained anger, irritability, cranky, outrageous remarks, or disease of the mind and outcrops and so on. then they should seek immediate medical attention to adjust timely treatment of the disease when treatment can fluctuate from disease recurrence. 3 , insist on regular reBe sure to adhere to the clinic regularly to re, allowing physicians to continuous, dynamic understanding of the disease, so patients often are under medical supervision of psychiatrists, timely adjustment of dose according to patient's condition. through the realso allows correct person timely counseling and psychotherapy to lift the patient to live, work and drug treatment in a variety of puzzles, which prevent the recurrence of schizophrenia also play an important role. 4, reduction of induced factors: family and those around them to fully understand after the illness of schizophrenia patients to the weak state of mind, help arrange daily life, work and study. frequently talk with patients, help patients to treat the disease properly, correctly deal with real life, help patients to improve mental capacity, should learn to deal with shock events and to encourage patients to increase confidence, enrich their lives guide the patient, the patients in the absence of mental stress and mental distress environment life. 5, development of community mental prevention to early detection of patients with early treatment, relapse prevention must be community to establish prevention and treatment of mental illness institutions, popular organizations in primary health care prevention and treatment of mental illness. Since the establishment of community mental control agencies, the recurrence rate of schizophrenia was more visible in the fall. Schizophrenia is a person's thinking, perception, The basic function of emotional obstacles. Schizophrenia patients often in the case of onset of illness models, doubt they have been tracking, framed, so as out of control behavior, are severe mental illness, mostly in adolescence or young adulthood. It includes thought disorder, affective disorder, behavioral disorders and self-will and consciousness. Most people do not simultaneously all the obstacles to the example below. January 2002, the Japanese spirit of Neurology of "schizophrenia" was renamed "General disorders "because they think" schizophrenic, "the name means a negative personality. schizophrenia treatment and prevention of mental illness treatment mainly take the medication, behavioral therapy, work therapy, recreational therapy, psychotherapy and various aspects of persuasion, in order to eliminate or mitigate the obstacles patients. In addition, diet is also a very good choice. surgical treatment of the Ministry of Health recently issued the "Administrative Measures for clinical application of medical technology" clear: heterologous stem cell therapy, heterologous gene therapy, the human body no such temporary cell cloning technology for clinical application. will be implemented May 1 this year of the "Procedures" also stipulates that the central nervous system will be operative rehabilitation, psychiatric techniques of stereotactic surgery, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, vaccine therapy technology and the same kind of organ transplant technology, transgender surgery to rethe third category of medical technology; Where in the clinical application before the promulgation of medical institutions should be made within six months of technical rebodies audit applications; without the health administrative department of medical technology registration, all to stop clinical application. Ministry of Health explained that the third class medical technology is a major ethical issues involved, safety, efficacy, clinical trials still need to study by the specification, further verification and the risk of high medical technology, security , still need to verify the effectiveness of medical technology. Medication Indications: schizophrenia, depression, epilepsy. Western side: ziprasidone, clozapine, perphenazine, chlorpromazine, risperidone, droperidol pyridine alcohols, quetiapine fumarate, sulpiride, care trimetazidine hydrochloride, olanzapine equality. With the continuous development of society, work and increasing the pressure of life, our mental patients is increasing year by year, Currently, there are MI 1 million people, mostly in young adults during the onset of mental illness, and some intermittent seizures, and some continued to progress and becoming more chronic, relapse rate, disability rate high, if not active treatment, there may be mental depression and personality changes, can not adapt to social life, it is difficult to complete the family and community responsibilities. psychotherapy conventional wisdom that mental illness is incurable, the amount of suffering from a mental illness, only long-term medication to maintain normal mental state. As society development, through psychological therapy can be part of a thorough treatment of mental illness in Beijing and other places, some in-depth research on the psychological mental advisory body has been through psychotherapy to help patients complete cure mental illness. TCM therapy to control balance of activation for the treatment of mental illness, schizophrenia disease, according to clinical data showed that patients adhere to treatment as long as it has achieved better effect. The results of clinical application of 58,000 cases, ranging from 1 to 2 weeks, the symptoms disappear, gradually reduce the effect of obvious and lasting clinical efficacy of 98%. For patients family members, it should note the following three points: First, do not believe in witch doctors to the letter. Second, careful selection of treatment methods and medical units. The third is to treat patients with patience, trying to create a relaxed environment for them, especially in the patients fall ill time must not be impatient, can not be normal to judge the merits of thinking, not to lose faith in the patient, to give up treatment. For the treatment of negative symptoms in patients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia, the main personality, emotional reactions, will , behavior, and barriers to social function, so in addition to the treatment of such patients continue to take appropriate antipsychotic treatment, psychological treatment should pay particular attention, and cooperate fully with the work of entertainment and other aspects of behavior therapy and family therapy. during behavior therapy , you can let it take care of themselves to participate in recreation programs and activities, to take positive reinforcement method, when patients comply with treatment requirements to make a good normal behavior, that is, the points will be awarded, in order to strengthen its normal behavior, to mobilize their enthusiasm. At the same time should be patient on their education, inspiration, induction, training and work habits of good living, to encourage their participation in the collective labor and cultural activities to enrich their spiritual life, active in their emotions. This is to improve brain function in patients, plays an important role to prevent the decline, also to improve their daily living and social skills. because the family is living in patients with base of its greater impact, it should also actively cooperate with family therapy, which is to prevent disease recurrence and disease progression can play an important role. In the eyes of ordinary people , patients may have bizarre thoughts and behavior, but they also have to respect, love, and care. families of patients should be aware of the patient's condition, principles and methods of treatment and prognosis. more should be sympathetic, considerate, patient and kind attitude with treatment, take reasonable and practical way to deal with personal problems of patients and their families. family members can ask the patient medication, early treatment when symptoms appear. studies have shown that families deal with, can reduce relapse. particularly should not be ashamed to go out to the patient, the patient The more active social and work conditions are more stable and easy 3, prevention of to carry out genetic counseling, marriage and childbearing age have been in the schizophrenia patients, the symptoms did not disappear in the past, should be advised to avoid marriage and childbearing, especially when both sides suffer had schizophrenia, especially when. development of community mental health promotion, early detection and early treatment. occurrence and recurrence of many of schizophrenia with the surrounding environment of poor mental stimulation have a certain relationship, therefore, to create a love of the humanities environment is very important. For those who have psychiatric symptoms appeared, especially should pay attention to care and love, to avoid giving bad mental stimulation. schizophrenia early 1, class status neurasthenia, headache, insomnia, dreams easy to wake up, work forgetful , lack of concentration, semen, menstrual disorders, fatigue, weakness, although a lot of discomfort but no pain experience, and not seek medical attention. 2, mild personality change has been the quiet man, suddenly become unreasonable, for a little insignificant the little things to get angry or skeptical, that are related to those around him hard, just to see someone speak to doubt their own arguments, and even others are also suspected to be for their cough. 3, abnormal mood to laugh for no reason, relatives and Friends become indifferent, alienated ignore, that does not care about others, do not care about his concern for others, or for no reason the tension, anxiety, fear. 4, will counter the original reduction of a positive, enthusiastic, easy to learn the state change have to work sloppy, irresponsible, or even absenteeism, poor academic performance, do not pay attention in class, do not want to hand in papers, and even truant; or life has become lazy, deportment or revision, not aggressive and just, often owned by the pole at Middle School can not afford. 5, a reversal of past acts of movement disorders optimistic look for the warm silence, action hesitation, face expressionless, or Dai Li, sitting, staring, alone is not very sociable, or air shouting, whispers from the language, or do some bizarre action, puzzling. if there are more abnormal signs, and with no reasonable explanation, and there have been recent spiritual history should be attached great importance to check the time to find a psychiatrist, early treatment, cut Mo negligence, so as not to delay treatment. prognostic factors of schizophrenia etiology of schizophrenia is currently unknown, the disease has been increasing trend in the development stage of their treatment is still unsatisfactory. through clinical research and observation, the general consider the following factors can affect the prognosis: 1. premorbid premorbid character was withdrawn loner; or with schizophrenia, such as solitary retreat, quiet, not with people, sensitive to the lack of fear of aggressive, eccentric character of the person; often do daydreaming, poor people adapt quickly to decline after illness and chronic course and poor prognosis. 2. age of onset before the age of 15 who, the prognosis is much worse, fast and easy and chronic depression. 3. onset form insidious onset, or acute onset of disease after a long period of treatment can not be alleviated by protracted and often prone to cause mental decline. 4. predisposing factors and no apparent onset of mental factors or physical factors as an incentive to those with poor prognosis 5. patients with schizophrenia-type symptoms and typical symptoms, such as fixed and persistent delusions of persecution and paranoia symptoms, or behavior withdrawal, affective blunting have poor prognosis. simplex, youth-type poor prognosis. 6. the social environment and genetic factors in families low level of less harmonious family relationships, life care and attention, and without good social and family support system, will directly affect the prognosis of patients with schizophrenia; a positive family history of schizophrenia, the majority of poor prognosis. 7. relapses relapsed more times, the less good the possibility of remission. 8 treatment timely, effective, systematic therapy and maintenance therapy, can greatly reduce the relapse rate, slow mental decline. In short, the current prognosis of schizophrenia is not optimistic However, we believe that the majority of mental health workers through the joint efforts of some in the near future, so that the prognosis of schizophrenia has changed. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia nursed back to health in addition should be timely, regular, systematic hospital treatment, maintenance therapy after hospital discharge, prevention of recurrence of the disease is also very important. Here's a simple home maintenance nursed back to health need to pay attention to talk about a few questions: 1, to understand the common general knowledge of antipsychotics, typical antipsychotics can be divided into anti- Psychiatric drugs and second-generation antipsychotics (including risperidone, Kui's equality). relative to the second-generation antipsychotics for side effects, tolerability and medication compliance, and on the negative symptoms efficiently and can improved cognitive function, but the price you than the typical antipsychotics. 2, to observe the effect of therapeutic effects of different drugs with different relative selectivity of psychiatric symptoms, use of different drugs in different patients, efficacy there are also great differences. 3, take good care of the families of drugs for patients, to prevent the dominance of patients with psychiatric symptoms by swallowing a large number of drugs to accidents. each medication, the family should be urged to check the patient's drug situation and ensure the patient medication to the stomach. 4, family therapy must be carried out under the guidance of a psychiatrist, according to hospital discharge when a certain doctor's orders, on time and quantity to help patients on medication, and then on regular re. In addition, the psychiatric drug treatment is a technical strong, and every piece of drug addition and subtraction are based on changes in patient conditions determined. the families of patients must not think or worry about the current condition has a good side effect of medication on their own after the withdrawal. 5, the following occurs in the hospital for immediate recondition fluctuations: family members should pay close attention to signs of relapse, first appeared in the insomnia, attention is focused, in a daze, as the case, should adjust the treatment to prevent relapse. patients who appear heavier role of adverse drug such as acute dystonia
in patients with eyes turn lead to mouth askew neck, severe swallowing difficulties caused unexpected. patients found out the rash. timely reto the hospital. patients had family members could not understand the problem, but also Hospital referral is coming due. 6, always observe the side effects of drugs, antipsychotic drugs have some side effects, such as chlorpromazine, perphenazine and other drugs often can cause trembling hands and feet, moves to a flexible response (extrapyramidal effects). This is must stop, the only report to the doctor, a medical examination combined use of drugs can relieve the situation. toxin excretion of drugs: the latest medical research shows that annual toxic drugs can lead to drug residues in a patient and accumulation, over time, patients will have a major health hazard, in addition may lead to relapse, but also may lead to body tissue lesions and shortened the life of the patients. To clear the body of residual toxins, a basic method is to drink "
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