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OverSchizophrenia can occur in adults and children, it is the spirit of the more common form of child psychiatry. Described here, the main clinical features of childhood schizophrenia. Schizophrenia can occur in adults and children, it is the more common form of child psychiatry mental illness. Described here, the main clinical features of childhood schizophrenia. The prevalence of schizophrenia in children is lower than in adults. 15 years of age, according to foreign reports the prevalence of schizophrenia of about 0.14% ~ 0.34 . China reported prevalence of childhood schizophrenia 0.05% ~ 0.08 , almost the same percentage of men and women. Those before the age of onset less than 10; 10 years of age were significantly increased after the onset. The smallest age of onset is 3 years old, generally 12 to 14 year-old boy in the majority. Diagnosis of childhood schizophrenia diagnosis The main indications are as follows: 1. Symptoms standards are the basic symptoms of schizophrenia, association of thought disorder, affective disorder as the main feature, and with the performance of the corresponding age activities with and without significant abnormalities coordination, while at least one of the following symptoms: (1) poverty of thought, think of loose or broken, thought content, bizarre, sick fantasy and delusion rational. (2) apathy, loneliness, withdrawal, interest reduction, spontaneous mood swings, anxiety or fear of laughing and crying for no reason. (3) a clear sense


of the case, there are perceptual and behavioral disorders, psychomotor excitement, posturing, negativism, or slow to less. 2. Serious markedly impaired ability to adapt the standard, and most markedly abnormal compared to normal children the same age, including in the family, the school under a variety of occasions, relationships, academic performance, changes in labor and self-help capacities and deficiencies. 3. Time Standard course for at least 1 month. 4. Excluded from the brain organic mental disorders, disorders due to physical, emotional, mental disorders and developmental disorders. Children with schizophrenia often latent onset, slowly progressive, atypical symptoms, diagnosis is difficult, especially in small children, so be careful examination and observation depth. And be with children with autism, mental retardation, hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder and organic mental disorders such as phase identification, in order to avoid misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. And into the etiology of schizophrenia, like, the cause is unclear so far, now that may be related to the following factors: 1. Genetic factors of this disease in children with familial genetic history of mental illness incidence rate (16% ~ 64 %). Yi Xia Town, et al (1982) that the mode of inheritance of schizophrenia in children, many genetic possibilities for large, the heritability of 70%, an incidence of this disease in relatives: parents, 4.0%; with breast was 6.7%. Some people think that their parents suffering from schizophrenia, their children, the risk of schizophrenia was 40%; one of the parents of their children suffering from the disease risk of the occurrence of disease was 7% to 17%, suggesting that genetic factors play an important role . 2. Organic factors in children with this disease have damage to the history of the perinatal period are more common. Mature nervous system, delayed neurological soft signs examination and EEG abnormalities are more common than in recent years, found that children with schizophrenia evoked potential P300 latency and amplitude decreased significantly shorter; head CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ) and other results, suggesting that the frontal lobe, basal ganglia, temporal lobe damage and schizophrenia are closely related. 3. Psychosocial factors are strongly traumatized children, such as parental separation, death of relatives, studies minors and other life events cause schizophrenia is more common, and psychosocial factors and prognosis for the continuation of the course also has an important influence. 4. Premorbid personality characteristics of children with diseases of the disease, mostly within the former character, the character of partial or incomplete differentiation on the basis of influence by environmental factors, increase the risk of disease. 5. Biochemical factors in this regard in the few studies of childhood schizophrenia. The disease is generally believed that the central dopaminergic system activity and excessive noradrenergic function insufficiency. Some studies found that children with this disease increased plasma dopamine -hydroxylase, and cholinergic system suppressed. Epidemiological prevalence of schizophrenia in children is lower than in adults. 15 years of age, according to foreign reports the prevalence of schizophrenia of about 0.14% ~ 0.34 . China reported prevalence of childhood schizophrenia 0.05% ~ 0.08 , almost the same percentage of men and women. Those before the age of onset less than 10; 10 years of age were significantly increased after the onset. The smallest age of onset is 3 years old, generally 12 to 14 year-old boy in the majority. 1, clinical manifestations. Onset form of slow onset was more increased with age, acute onset gradually increased. 2. Early symptoms early symptoms of childhood schizophrenia are mainly emotional, behavioral changes, sleep disorders, attention is not focused, learning difficulties, in some cases the early stage of obsessions and compulsions. 3. Basic symptoms characteristic (1) clinical symptoms and the age factor is closely related to younger, atypical symptoms, vegetation; basic symptoms by adolescent patients was similar to adults. (2) affective disorders: Most of the performance of withdrawn, withdrawal, apathy, alienation and family and small partners grow with or without cause hostility. Undue fear, anxiety, tension, mood swings and other symptoms spontaneously. (3) speech and thought disorder: A case of small words often show reduced, silent, rigid repetition, vague language, thought content poor. Older children can be pathologic fantasy content so strange delusion bizarre contents, and often murder, crime, hypochondriacal delusions and non-descent. (4) perceived barriers: perceived barriers to children with schizophrenia and more than vivid, the image of terror and characterized, may have visual hallucinations, auditory hallucinations (verbal or non-verbal nature), fantasy, hallucination and perceptual synthesis disorders (such as consider themselves deformed, ugly, etc.), especially in young children is common. (5) Sports and abnormal behavior: often exciting performance anxiety, behavioral disorders, aimless running, or was lazy, unable to slow to less rigid, or appear unusual movements or posture, often imitate the actions or rituals stereotyped action. The performance of minority children with tension stupor and excitement, impulsivity, assault and vandalism. (6) intelligent movement disorder: mainly seen in children with early onset. Most cases no obvious mental retardation generally. Outcomes follow-up observations showed that the younger onset, slow onset and the production process is slow; was progressively impaired intellectual development and poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis, timely active treatment, the prognosis of schizophrenia in children has an important relationship. Symptoms The main indications for diagnosis of childhood schizophrenia are as follows: 1. Symptoms standards are the basic symptoms of schizophrenia, association of thought disorder, affective disorder as the main feature, and with the performance of the corresponding age activities with significant anomalies and inconsistencies, while at least one of the following symptoms: (1) poverty of thought, association or broken loose, thought content, bizarre, sick fantasy and delusion rational. (2) apathy, loneliness, withdrawal, interest reduction, spontaneous mood swings, anxiety or fear of laughing and crying for no reason. (3) a clear sense of the case, there are perceptual and behavioral disorders, psychomotor excitement, posturing, negativism, or slow to less.
Influenza 2. Serious markedly impaired ability to adapt the standard, compared with the most obvious exception of normal children the same age, including in the family, the school under a variety of occasions, relationships, academic performance, changes in labor and self-help capacities and deficiencies. 3. Time Standard course for at least 1 month. 4. Excluded from the brain organic mental disorders, disorders due to physical, emotional, mental disorders and developmental disorders. Children with schizophrenia often latent onset, slowly progressive, atypical symptoms, diagnosis is difficult, especially in small children, so be careful examination and observation depth. And be with children with autism, mental retardation, hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder and organic mental disorders such as phase identification, in order to avoid misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Clinical manifestations 1. Onset form of slow onset was more increased with age, acute onset gradually increased.
Chlorpromazine 2. Early symptoms of early symptoms of childhood schizophrenia are mainly emotional, behavioral changes, sleep disorders, attention is not focused, learning difficulties, in some cases the early stage of obsessions and compulsions. Basic symptoms of features (1) clinical symptoms and the age factor is closely related to younger, atypical symptoms, vegetation; young people the basic symptoms by patients was similar to adults. (2) affective disorders: Most of the performance of withdrawn, withdrawal, apathy, alienation and family and small partners grow with or without cause hostility. Undue fear, anxiety, tension, mood swings and other symptoms spontaneously. (3) speech and thought disorder: A case of small words often show reduced, silent, rigid repetition, vague language, thought content poor. Older children can be pathologic fantasy content so strange delusion bizarre contents, and often murder, crime, hypochondriacal delusions and non-descent. (4) perceived barriers: perceived barriers to children with schizophrenia and more than vivid, the image of terror and characterized, may have visual hallucinations, auditory hallucinations (verbal or non-verbal nature), fantasy, hallucination and perceptual synthesis disorders (such as consider themselves deformed, ugly, etc.), especially in young children is common.
Children with schizophrenia (5) Sports and abnormal behavior: excitement often show anxiety, behavioral disorders, aimless running, or was lazy, unable to slow to less rigid, or appear unusual movements or posture, movement or ceremony, often imitated of stereotyped movements. The performance of minority children with tension stupor and excitement, impulsivity, assault and vandalism. (6) intelligent movement disorder: mainly seen in children with early onset. Most cases no obvious mental retardation generally. Check the neurological examination, EEG, CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, mainly to exclude organic brain changes caused by mental disorders. Therapy treatment of this disease was similar to the basic and adults, mainly to take antipsychotic medication, psychological therapy and the combination of education and training, a variety of treatment options, in addition to the main based on clinical symptoms, should also be combined with the specific circumstances of suffering alone, such as age, physical growth, nutritional status to be fully taken into account. Antipsychotic drugs commonly used for chlorpromazine, chlorine piperidinol, perphenazine, sulpiride and clozapine, etc., were efficiency of 50% to 60%. First, the principles of drug therapy: should start small dose and increase the amount to the satisfactory outcome of treatment for 1 month or so and then decreasing to a maintenance dose (equivalent to the treatment of 1 / 4 to 1 / 3), maintenance treatment is usually more than six months. Second, the commonly used doses and extent of oral antipsychotic treatment: chlorpromazine 300 ~ 400mg / d, perphenazine 30 ~ 60mg / d, sulpiride 300 ~ 800mg / d, clozapine 300 ~ 400mg / d, thioridazine 400 ~ 600mg / d, haloperidol 20 ~ 30mg / d, risperidone 4 ~ 6mg / d, thiophene tons of triclosan (rehabilitation Su) 10 ~ 20mg / d, piperazine Mi Qing 2 ~ 12mg / d. Third, the long-acting formulation:
Children with chronic schizophrenia can be effective in maintaining the efficacy of the patient, such as the five-week service fluoride profitable 30 ~ 60mg, every 2 to 3 weeks Kwai intramuscular fluphenazine fluphenazine enanthate ester or 12.5 ~ 50mg , high resistance to hormone (chlorthalidone tons) 200mg, triclosan ester thiophene tons Kwai 20 ~ 40mg, monthly benefits can be safely injected or piperazine ester parked companion brown hydrochlorothiazide 50 ~ 100mg. Fourth, medication side effects: extrapyramidal reaction is the most common side effects, can be expressed as pseudo-Parkinson reaction, akathisia, eye crisis, difficulty swallowing or speech, can be taken orally Antan 4 ~ 8mg / d or intramuscular injection of scopolamine 0.3 ~ 0.5mg. Liver damage, neutropenia, orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness, constipation, lactation, pigmentation, amenorrhea or sexual dysfunction. Distinguish
Children with schizophrenia and brain organic mental disorder, mental disorders due to physical illness, emotional disorders and developmental disorders phase identification. And be with children with autism, mental retardation, hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder and organic mental disorders such as phase identification, in order to avoid misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Prevention
Follow-up observation showed that children with schizophrenia, age of onset was small, slow onset and the production process is slow; was progressively impaired intellectual development and poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis, timely active treatment, the prognosis of schizophrenia in children has an important relationship. Influenza may lead to schizophrenia schizophrenia (schizophrenia) is a devastating disease, there are around 1% of people with schizophrenia, and the emergence of theosophy trance, confusion, cognitive decline and other symptoms . Schizophrenia is not only unable to carry out normal social interactions, can not complete their work. What is serious injury in the end of our brains? Many studies show that the culprit turned out to be influenza. Why is that? Many people have expressed doubts. Indeed, runny nose, fever, how these things do not seem to lifetime use of antipsychotic drugs and the need to be related. However, various studies have repeatedly indicated that schizophrenia and prenatal influenza viruses and other microbial infections. If the mother is infected during pregnancy, the child is more likely to develop schizophrenia. In 2006, scientists at Columbia University, said about 20% of mothers with schizophrenia are due to prenatal infection. Doctors have long found that, in infected syphilis (syphilis), streptococcus (streptococcus) pathogens like, if untreated, people there will be serious mental problems. Now, more and more scientists have realized that some of the previous neurological or psychological defects attributable to mental illness, is caused by microorganisms. Schizophrenia is most obvious, and autism, bipolar disorder (bipolardisorder) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (obsessive-compulsivedisorder) also with bacteria, virus or parasite infection, whether infection occurred in utero, childhood or adulthood. Some infections will directly affect the brain, while others will trigger the immune response, interference with normal brain development, or even misleading own immune system attacks the brain cells. Once scientists figure out the infection and the relationship between mental disorder, it is expected to create a new era of mental illness prevention. Most acute cases, only simple vaccine or antibiotics can eliminate the infection before damage in the brain. The insanity caused by the immune system, we can develop new drugs, immuno-suppression effect on the brain. Even if the above level is not possible, we understand the complex etiology of mental illness more in-depth, in the response time will be more calm. Complications can occur affective disorder, speech and thought disorder, perception disorder, exercise and behavioral abnormalities, can movement disorder symptoms.


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