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Pseudomonas infection worries 4 (content expertise) to edit entries Abstract Pseudomonas infection caused by Pseudomonas human parasitic diseases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Division, including a group of Gram-negative bacteria, it is an opportunistic pathogen, often can cause hospital acquired infections. Widely in soil, water, dirt and air, in the medium are all growing well. Divided into Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, glanders bacillus infection, melioidosis and so on.
Edit Summary List - [hide] 1 Introduction 2 Summary 3 glanders bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in 4 inspection items melioidosis 5 7 6 treatment prevention of Pseudomonas Edit this paragraph 8 | Back to the top of the brief
Human parasitic disease caused by Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas is Pseudomonas Section. Including a group of Gram-negative bacteria, widely distributed in soil, water, dirt and air, in the medium are all growing well. Tong Lvse aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common condition in the Pseudomonas pathogen. Resistance when the body falls into the corresponding parts of the body can cause systemic infections, such as side burns, respiratory tract, urinary tract, central nervous system, cornea and other infections, and sepsis. Due to the natural resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, so the treatment more difficult, can be used in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant synthetic penicillin class of third-generation cephalosporins, and treatment. Glanders Pseudomonas (Burkh


olderia pseudomallei), and Pseudomonas melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei) occasionally can cause disease in humans. Burkholderia pseudomallei wound through the skin, conjunctival or respiratory tract invasion, Burkholderia pseudomallei through direct , respiratory, gastrointestinal or insect bites and other means of infection in the human body. Similar clinical manifestations between the two, may be an acute lung infection, and systemic limitations of multi-site multi-organ infection. Lack of effective treatment of glanders, melioidosis can try tetracycline, chloramphenicol and other treatment. After the two diseases may be more lasting immunity. Edit this section | Back to the top of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is Tonglv Se for small slender Gram-negative bacteria, approximately 1.3 to 3.0 microns, 0.5 microns wide, under the static culture often has polymorphism, no spores, bacteria slender flagella at one end, exercise is extremely active. Can produce a variety of water-soluble pigment, which makes the green pus pus into a green pigment, but also helpful for the identification of infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is widely distributed in nature, soil, water, air, human and animal skin, intestinal, upper respiratory tract bacteria, etc. are there. Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to hot and humid 55 1 hours before killing. Not sensitive to ultraviolet light. Easy to produce a variety of antibiotic resistance. The bacteria in the body defense function is only to change or directly into the body (such as through the urinary catheter and the venous catheter, ventilation equipment and other respiratory therapy examination methods), and when mixed with a pathogenic infection. Long-term use of antibiotics, adrenal corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents or large burns, kidney failure, heart disease, pulmonary disease in patients with chronic bronchitis secondary to P. aeruginosa infection easily. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the hospital one of the important pathogens.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the main pathogenic substances: including bacterial substances (endotoxin, anti swallowed phlegm) and metabolites (pigments, soluble protein, hemolysin, exotoxin A, enterotoxin, etc.).
exotoxin A, is the main pathogenic substances.
endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide, and other bacteria as cause fever, low blood pressure, urine retention, neutropenia, or more, disseminated intravascular coagulation, adult respiratory distress syndrome. But can also activate coagulation, fibrinolysis, bradykinin, and complement system. Gram-negative bacteria is the cause of septic shock. Leading cause of death is also a factor.
protease, 3 species, of which there are two important, such as elastase and alkaline protease, can cause skin, lung, corneal necrosis. Elastase can damage blood vessels elastic layer, resulting in bleeding and gangrene.
hemolysin, including phospholipase and sugar esters, destruction phosphate ester and egg quality, reduce pulmonary surfactant, resulting in atelectasis.
toxin, can cause necrotizing enterocolitis.
Clinical manifestations: Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause infections of various parts of the body, and more on the basis of the original disease, immune dysfunction, and when the examination and treatment process, the bacteria directly into the body causing secondary infections such as septicemia, endocarditis, central nervous system, respiratory tract, digestive tract infections.
sepsis. Most of onset of fever, toxic shock occurs and disseminated intravascular coagulation, in addition to a central gangrenous impetigo, the other common symptoms of bacterial infection with sepsis.
the central nervous system infection. Found in brain trauma, head and neck surgery, lumbar puncture, strict disinfection and other pollution caused by P. aeruginosa can be found in chronic otitis media or migration of septic lesions. The clinical presentation with generalized purulent meningitis.
respiratory infections. Prevalent in the tracheotomy device or application in patients with respiratory ventilation. Secondary to blood diseases, diabetes, cystic fibrosis, after the primary disease psychosis. The main pathological feature of necrotic changes in the alveolar membrane. Can be complicated by abscess, empyema and bronchopleural fistula.
endocarditis. Mostly secondary to heart disease, particularly after cardiac surgery or injection drug users (disinfection lax) caused.
tract infection. More common in newborns and hematologic malignancies in patients with neutropenia after chemotherapy. Symptoms difficult to distinguish from other infections. Newborns can be expressed diarrhea, fever, vomiting, dehydration and necrotizing enterocolitis. Tumors in patients with neutropenia perirectal abscess can occur.
In addition, burn wound infection, peritoneal dialysis, or check the urogenital apparatus, conduits and other treatment and examination of peritonitis occurred in urinary tract infection, corneal ulcer infection developed into full-ophthalmia, chronic otitis externa into the meninges and inflammation and brain abscess, bone, joint and skin soft tissue can be secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
Diagnosis: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in a primary disease or the body resistance on the basis of falls and traumatic process of examination and treatment appears, showing the original condition worsened, the general antibiotic treatment fails, there parts of the system and infection symptoms, blood, cerebrospinal fluid and other secretions, feces positive for pathogenic examination, can be confirmed.
Treatment: Most of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to commonly used antibiotics, according to clinical and bacteriological culture and drug sensitivity test results of use of antibiotics. Penicillin family of antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with methyl benzyl penicillin, carbenicillin, furosemide benzyl penicillin and oxygen piperazine penicillin, there are third-generation cephalosporins cefotaxime a carboxymethyl oxime; can be added with amino-glycosides, such as butylamine kanamycin, tobramycin and so on. Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine has been developed for many years, vaccination can produce specific antibodies IgG and IgM, maintained for two years. Made by the exotoxin toxoid could be the prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Prevention: Because P. aeruginosa exists in nature can be in the hospital through various channels, thus the need for strict disinfection equipment, dressings, especially the patient's wound secretions should be special treatment, patients have to be isolated to reduce the Bingfang cross infection and reduce hospital infection rate of P. aeruginosa. Edit this section | Back to the top of the glanders bacillus infection
Burkholderia pseudomallei Melioidosis is caused by the equine infectious diseases. Other domestic animals and dolls can be infected, the risk of major illness groom. Often due to human pathogens through the skin wound or minor intrusion conjunctiva and respiratory disease, the illness is given to long-term immunity. Immunology and pathology studies have shown that humans and animals, asymptomatic infection can also occur without effective treatment and immunization.
Burkholderia pseudomallei Gram-negative, intolerant of drying, 1 day sunlight or heating 56 15 can be fatal. Other chemical disinfectants on bacterial resistance in general similar. In lime water can be inactivated within 1 hour. Human disease usually presents with acute local infection, acute pulmonary infection, sepsis and chronic suppurative infection, had fever and extreme discomfort. The site of the initial injury occurs in the skin nodule or ulcer, accompanied by eyes, nose, lips thick secretions, followed by systemic purulent rash appears, not parallel to the extreme with clinical failure. Usually died of disease 7 to 10 days after; inhalation infection showed a rapid deterioration of the pneumonia; chronic suppurative melioidosis can be expressed as alternating active and quiescent disease, the end of skin, subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes, bone and muscle and body nodules and granulomatous visceral injury leading to death.
According to epidemiological investigation and characteristic skin nodules and mucosal injury should consider this disease, serum agglutination test and complement fixation test will help confirm the diagnosis. Sulfa drugs or to try plus streptomycin treatment, but the effect is difficult to be sure, a few patients recover from acute glanders is currently no effective vaccine to prevent.
Clinical manifestations: The incubation period is 4 to 5 days mostly, but also for months or years by. Diverse clinical manifestations, and glanders are very similar. The disease can be divided into occult infection, asymptomatic pulmonary infiltration, acute localized suppurative infection, acute lung infection, acute septicemia, chronic purulent infection and recurrent infections of 7 types, but the overlap of various types of rooms available, sometimes difficult to completely divided. Performance of local purulent infection broken skin nodules, draining lymph nodes and lymphangitis, often accompanied by fever and general malaise, can quickly develop into acute sepsis. Melioidosis acute lung infection is the most common type of infection can be disseminated to primary pneumonia or blood, in addition to a high fever, chills, there are cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, chest signs and symptoms and out of proportion. This type also may develop sepsis. Acute sepsis model for primary, secondary can also, for the most severe clinical melioidosis type. Some patients whose condition often not as rapid progress as well as rescue and death.
Etiology: pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei horse, also known as glanders aeruginosa. For the Gram-negative aerobic bacilli, is a Pseudomonas. Human infections are more common in close with livestock. Minor wound pathogens through the skin or mucous membranes into the human body. The lab can still be transmitted through the respiratory tract.
Symptoms: (horse) also known as glanders glanders, a horse and the donkey and other single-hoofed animal diseases. Occasionally transmitted to humans caused by sepsis symptoms, swollen lymph nodes, skin lesions such as mucous membrane.
Diagnosis: may have a similar Sporotrichosis, acute purulent infection or gangrene pyoderma, such as different clinical manifestations. with sick animals should be based on the history and bacteriological examination to confirm the diagnosis. Patients with nasal secretions or skin ulcers as a smear, can be found in Gram-negative bacillus glanders, if the basic blue color with Lu, cell staining was part of the depth of the turn, much like the diphtheria bacillus, there are diagnostic value. Blood culture is usually negative.
Treatment: The patient should be immediately strict isolation, bacteria invade parts of the primary damage to surgical resection should be as soon as possible, and apply the sulfa drugs, or streptomycin, chloramphenicol and other antibiotics.
Complications: The incubation period for several days to 3 weeks. Early fatigue, headache and fever and other symptoms. Bacteria invade the skin in inflammatory papules or blisters occur, quickly turned into nodules, pustules and ulcers. Ulcers often form irregular creeping edge of the ulcer covered with purulent and bloody exudate. Several days or weeks after the injury began to appear metastatic, skin or subcutaneous tissue in the vicinity along the lymphatic vessels occur within the multiple nodules, the so-called "glanders bud", later evolved into abscesses of these nodules, from hard to heal ulcers the fistula. If the bacteria into the nasal or oral mucosa, the nasal septum and palate occurs in extensive necrosis and destruction. Respiratory mucous membrane of the bacteria are particularly vulnerable, out of the bloody nose is a mucus-like symptoms of the disease is very special. When the bacteria enter the bloodstream from sepsis, meningitis can occur, pneumonia, polyarthritis, and multiple visceral abscess. Cases of severe acute form, and the skin lesions associated with severe diarrhea, worsening symptoms, patients developed delirium, coma and collapse, etc., and finally died quickly. In chronic cases, there is little skin lesions, systemic symptoms are mild, recurrent course of disease, after a few months or years later can be due to nephritis or failure and death. Some cases were also long after intermittent bacteremia and natural healing.
Prevention: There is no effective preventive vaccine. General preventive measures is to find and kill the sick animals, to completely eradicate the disease. For the staff, hygiene education should be carried out to avoid infection.
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Melioidosis, also known as pseudo-glanders, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei as a zoonosis. Melioidosis disease was first discovered in 1911 in Yangon, Myanmar, and separated from the deceased lung Burkholderia pseudomallei, was named in 1921 melioidosis. Melioidosis disease occurs in tropical countries. Burkholderia pseudomallei is more than a short oval or elongated form of bacteria, the growth of aerobic, the most suitable temperature was 37 , 25 ~ 42 but also grew well, culture has a strong musty odor or earthy. People and animals (mainly pigs and sheep) through contaminated water and soil, through skin abrasions, inhalation or the digestive tract infections. Melioidosis bacteria are opportunistic pathogens, the different length of incubation period after infection, such as infection capacity, the body itself is suffering from diabetes and other incentives, an incubation period of 3 to 4 days and can be presented with acute fulminant; such as less infection, immunity is good, bacteria can also be long-term potential was asymptomatic, the case falls resistance, a sudden onset, the incubation period of up to 26 years. There is no vaccine can be applied.
Etiology: Pseudomonas melioidosis melioidosis or known by the kind caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. The Gram-negative aerobic pathogens of bacteria, Pseudomonas genus. The bacteria present in the endemic areas of soil and water for pathogens in rodents, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, cats can be infected, but infection has also been reported in sheep, pigs, cattle, horses and other animals.
Symptoms: The disease is prevalent in Southeast Asia, rare elsewhere in the world. Human diseases caused by diverse, from asymptomatic to the acute toxic pneumonia or fatal sepsis.
Diagnosis: In endemic areas, according to the history of with sick animals, clinical symptoms and bacteriological examination to confirm the diagnosis. Pathogens from the sputum, urine, pus is difficult to direct microscopy detection, isolation, cultivation and identification of required Lai. Serological diagnosis of this disease have a certain value. To polysaccharide antigen or melioidosis heat for indirect hemagglutination test streptozotocin or complement fixation test, a weekend in the acute phase often appear strongly positive, 2 to 5 weeks, 90% of patients can appear positive.
Treatment: abscess should be incision and drainage, treatment response to antibiotics larger individual differences. Tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfa drugs is sensitive to antibiotics. Some cases application of tetracycline daily 2 ~ 3g, with at least 1 month before the symptoms improved significantly.
Complications: The disease was acute, subacute and chronic through. Acute patients have fever, gastroenteritis, pneumonia and death within the 2 ~ 4d. After the majority of cases were subacute, disease of 1 to several weeks. If the primary damage occurs in the skin, then the local abscess formation, rapidly lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, and septicemia. In the skin, muscle, lung, liver, spleen occurred multiple abscesses. If the infection caused by inhalation, the initially pulmonary symptoms. However, many patients with clinical symptoms varied. Most of them had fever and diffuse suppurative damage. People with chronic symptoms and metastatic lung abscess is more common, tend to have fever, weakness and other systemic symptoms, often accompanied by severe urticaria. Edit this section | Back to the top of the inspection items
Blood, cerebrospinal fluid and other secretions, feces positive for pathogenic examination, can be confirmed. Edit this section | Back to the top of the treatment
If the infection is located outside and limitations of a 1% acetic acid wash or topical application of polymyxin B or polymyxin E, can be effective. To dissection of necrotic tissue, and abscess must be drained. For parenteral administration therapy with tobramycin or gentamicin 5mg / (kg.d) sub-agent to give, cure most of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections. According to clinical response, dose can be reduced to 3mg / (kg.d) to minimize side effects. Renal dysfunction, the dose must be reduced. Enzyme-mediated resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa tobramycin and gentamicin amikacin should be used. Many experts advocate the treatment of severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections can Pseudomonas aminoglycoside plus an anti- -lactamase. Several penicillin, including ticarcillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin and azlocillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and effective. Other good effect of the drug also ceftazidime, cephalosporin levels, aztreonam, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin Metro horses Ning. Ticarcillin most commonly used, the dose of 16 ~ 20g / d, intravenous injection. Piperacillin, azlocillin, ceftazidime level, ceftazidime, and imipenem Metro horses rather vitro for some strains resistant to ticarcillin efficiently.
Of systemic infection or patients with neutropenia should be effective against P. aeruginosa with an aminoglycoside combined with an anti-Pseudomonas penicillin. Of neutropenia and the marginalized status of renal function in patients with non-aminoglycoside combination therapy can be used, such as double -lactam or -lactam plus a fluoroquinolone, is safe. Urinary tract infection can often be carboxy indane benzylpenicillin or ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolone therapy. However, fluoroquinolones should not be used in children because the drug has adverse effects on cartilage. In combination of two anti-pseudomonas drugs in the treatment of drug-resistant strains occurred during the opportunity to significantly reduced. Edit this section | Back to the top of the preventive measures
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (hereinafter referred to as P. aeruginosa) is a Gram-negative bacteria of energy activities, it is an opportunistic pathogen, often can cause hospital acquired infections.
Because P. aeruginosa exists in nature, can be in the hospital through various channels, thus the need for strict disinfection equipment, dressings, especially for patients with wound secretions should be special treatment, the patient should be isolated to reduce cross-ward infection and reduce hospital infection rate of P. aeruginosa. Edit this section | Back to the top of the PseudomonasA Division of bacteria. Straight or slightly curved gram-negative bacilli. By polar flagella, do not form spores, chemical energy of organic nutrients, strictly aerobic, respiratory metabolism, never fermentation. Genus as Pseudomonas. 29 species of this genus. At least three kinds of animal or human illness. Edit entry Open Category:
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